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Khác biệt giữa bản sửa đổi của “Lãnh thổ Alaska”

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Dòng 47:
The passing of the 1899 Criminal Code, which among other things included a tax on liquor, led to increased calls for Alaskan representation in Congress,<ref>Nichols, Jeannette Paddock. ''Alaska,'' (New York: Russell & Russell INC, 1963), p165.</ref> and the debate finally ended on August 24, 1912, when the Alaska Territory became an organized, incorporated territory of the United States.
 
The ''Second Organic Act'' of 1912, renamed the [[District of Alaska]] as the Territory of Alaska.<ref>{{citechú thích web | first = Eric | last = Gislason | title= The 49th State: A Brief History of Alaska Statehood (1867–1959) | publisher = American Studies at the University of Virginia | url= http://xroads.virginia.edu/~CAP/BARTLETT/49state.html | accessdate= 2005-08-31}}</ref> By 1916, its population was about 58,000. [[James Wickersham]], a Delegate to Congress, introduced Alaska's first statehood bill, but it failed due to lack of interest from Alaskans. Even President [[Warren G. Harding]]'s visit in 1923 could not create widespread interest in statehood. Under the conditions of the Second Organic Act, Alaska had been split into four divisions. The most populous of the divisions, whose capital was Juneau, wondered if it could become a separate state from the other three. Government control was a primary concern, with the territory having 52 federal agencies governing it.
 
==Middle 20th century==
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The exploration and settlement of Alaska would not have been possible without the development of aircraft, which allowed for the influx of settlers into the state's interior, and rapid transportation of people and supplies throughout. However, due to the unfavorable weather conditions of the state, and high ratio of pilots-to-population, over 1700 [[Aviation archaeology|aircraft wreck sites]] are scattered throughout its domain. Numerous wrecks also trace their origins to the military build-up of the state during both [[World War II]] and the [[Cold War]].
 
Alaska's strategic importance to the United States became more apparent during World War II. . From June 1942 until August 1943 the Japanese tried to invade the U.S. by way of the Aleutian island chain, in the [[Aleutian Islands campaign|Battle of the Aleutian Islands]]. This marked the second time since the [[War of 1812]] that American soil was occupied by a foreign enemy, the first being the occupation of the island of Guam in December 1941, also by the Japanese. The Japanese were eventually repelled from the Aleutian Islands by a force of 34,000 troops.<ref>C.V. Glines, "America's War in the Aleutians," ''Aviation History,'' Vol.12(November 2001), 46–51.</ref>
In the spring and summer of 1945, [[Cold Bay, Alaska|Cold Bay]] on the [[Alaska Peninsula]] was the site of the largest and most ambitious transfer program of World War II, [[Project Hula]], in which the United States transferred 149 ships and craft to the [[Soviet Union]] and trained 12,000 Soviet personnel in their operation in anticipation of the Soviet Union entering the [[Pacific War|war against Japan]]. At any given time, about 1,500 American personnel were at Cold Bay and [[Fort Randall]] during Project Hula.<ref>Russell, Richard A., ''Project Hula: Secret Soviet-American Cooperation in the War Against Japan'', Washington, D.C.: [[Naval Historical Center]], 1997, ISBN 0-945274-35-1, pp. 1, 16, 35.</ref>
 
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==Tham khảo==
{{Reflisttham khảo}}
 
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