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Phiên bản lúc 19:17, ngày 24 tháng 1 năm 2009

Vùng đô thị Washington, chính thức được biết như Vùng thống kê đô thị Washington–Arlington–Alexandria, DC–VA–MD–WV, là một vùng thống kê đô thị của Hoa Kỳ do Cục Ngân sách và Quản lý (Office of Management and Budget hay vắn tắc là OMB) định nghĩa. Nó cũng là một phần của Vùng đô thị Baltimore-Washington lớn hơn. Tính đến năm 2007, dân số của Vùng đô thị Washington được ước tính là 5.306.565.[1]

Washington – Arlington – Alexandria
Bản đồ Vùng đô thị Washington
Bản đồ Vùng đô thị Washington

Tên thông thường: Vùng đô thị Washington
Thành phố lớn nhất
Các thành phố khác 		Washington, D.C.
 - Arlington
 - Alexandria
Dân số 
 - Tổng số 5.306.565 (ước tính 2007.)
 - Mật độ /mi2
/km²
Diện tích mi2
km²
Các tiểu bang/
Tỉnh/Thành phố  		 - Virginia
 - Maryland
 - West Virginia
Cao độ   
 - Điểm cao nhất N/A ft (N/A mét)
 - Điểm thấp nhất 0 ft (0 m)

Các cơ quan liên bang khác (như Bộ Nội an Hoa Kỳ) gọi vùng đô thị này là Vùng Thủ đô Quốc gia.[2] Phần khu vực của Virginia được biết đến như Bắc Virginia.

Bộ phận của vùng

 
Aerial photo of Washington Metropolitan Area

The Washington Metropolitan Area includes the District of Columbia and parts of the states of Maryland, Virginia, and West Virginia. It is divided into two metropolitan divisions:

  • the Washington–Arlington–Alexandria, DC–VA–MD–WV Metropolitan Division, comprising the majority of the metropolitan area, and
  • the Bethesda–Gaithersburg–Frederick, MD Metropolitan Division, consisting of Montgomery and Frederick counties.

Political subdivisions

The area includes the following counties, districts, and independent cities:

District of Columbia

 
Map highlighting the metropolitan area

Maryland

The following counties are categorized as part of the Washington–Arlington–Alexandria, DC–VA–MD–WV Metropolitan Statistical Area:

Though associated with the Washington Metropolitan Area, the following counties are categorized as part of the Baltimore-Towson, MD Metropolitan Statistical Area:

Though associated with the Washington Metropolitan Area, the following county is categorized as part of the Lexington Park, MD Micropolitan Statistical Area:

Virginia

Counties

Independent cities:

West Virginia

Regional organizations

Metropolitan Washington Council of Governments

Tập tin:Cog blue for WIKI.jpg

Founded in 1957, the Metropolitan Washington Council of Governments (MWCOG) is a regional organization of 21 Washington-area local governments, as well as area members of the Maryland and Virginia state legislatures, the U.S. Senate, and the U.S. House of Representatives. MWCOG provides a forum for discussion and the development of regional responses to issues regarding the environment, transportation, public safety, homeland security, affordable housing, community planning, and economic development.[3]

The National Capital Region Transportation Planning Board, a component of MWCOG, is the federally-designated metropolitan planning organization for the metropolitan Washington area.[4]

Principal cities

The metropolitan area includes the following principal cities (most of which are not incorporated as cities):

Demographics

Composition

Racial composition of the Washington, D.C. area:[5]

2006
1980
  • White : 67.8%
  • Black : 26.0%
  • Asian : 2.5%
  • Hispanic : 2.8%
  • Mixed and Other : 0.9%

Educational attainment and affluence

The Washington, D.C. area is the most educated and affluent metropolitan area in the United States.[6] The median household income of the region is $72,800. The two highest median household income counties in the nation, Loudoun and Fairfax County, Virginia, are components of Washington–Arlington–Alexandria. 12.2% of Northern Virginia's 881,136 households, 8.5% of suburban Maryland's 799,300 households, and 8.2% of Washington's 249,805 households have an annual income in excess of $200,000, compared to 3.7% nationally.[7]

As of the 2007 American Community Survey, the three most educated jurisdictions with 200,000 people or more in Washington–Arlington–Alexandria by bachelor's degree attainment (population 25 and over) are Arlington County, Virginia (67.0%), Montgomery County, Maryland (56.5%), and Fairfax County, Virginia (55.9%).[8] Forbes magazine stated in it's 2008 "America's Best- And Worst-Educated Cities" report: "The D.C. area is less than half the size of L.A., but both cities have around 100,000 Ph.D.'s."[9]

Economy

 
Rosslyn is home to the tallest high rises in the region.[10][11]
 
NIH Clinical Center in Bethesda.
 
Gannett Company headquarters in Tysons Corner.

The Washington, D.C. area has the largest science and engineering work force of any metropolitan area in the nation, at 324,530, ahead of the combined San Francisco and San Jose work force of 214,500, and Chicago at 203,090.[12]

Primary industries

Biotechnology

Not limited to its proximity to the National Institutes of Health, Maryland's Washington suburbs are a major center for biotechnology. Prominent local biotech companies include MedImmune, The Institute for Genomic Research, Human Genome Sciences, and the Howard Hughes Medical Institute.

Defense contracting

Many defense contractors are based in the region to be close to the Pentagon in Arlington. Local defense contractors include Lockheed Martin, the largest, as well as General Dynamics, Computer Sciences Corporation (CSC), Science Applications International Corporation (SAIC), and Orbital Sciences Corporation.

Notable company headquarters in the region

(Numbers denote Fortune 500 company ranking.)

Washington, D.C.

Suburban Maryland

Northern Virginia

Transportation

Bài chi tiết: Transportation in Washington, D.C.
 
Dulles International

Major airports

Rail transit systems

See also

Tham khảo

  1. ^ Metropolitan and Micropolitan Statistical Area Population Estimates Available
  2. ^ “National Capital Region - Office of National Capital Region Coordination”. Department of Homeland Security. 21 tháng 12 năm 2005. Truy cập ngày 9 tháng 1 năm 2008.
  3. ^ http://www.mwcog.org/about/
  4. ^ http://www.mwcog.org/transportation/tpb/
  5. ^ http://census.gov/popest/counties/asrh/CC-EST2006-RACE6.html
  6. ^ Washington area richest, most educated in US: report
  7. ^ ACS 2005-2007
  8. ^ 2005-2007 American Community Survey 3-Year Estimates
  9. ^ America's Best- And Worst-Educated Cities
  10. ^ High-Rises Approved That Would Dwarf D.C.
  11. ^ List of tallest buildings in DC, MD, VA, WV
  12. ^ Washington area richest, most educated in US: report

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