Khác biệt giữa bản sửa đổi của “Giải Nobel Sinh lý học hoặc Y học”

{{Infobox award

| image = Nobel Prize.png

| presenter = [[Nobel Assembly at Karolinska Institutet]]

| location = [[Solna Municipality|Solna]] within the [[Stockholm urban area]]

| website = [http://nobelprize.org nobelprize.org]

}}

 

 

Some awards have been controversial. This includes one to [[António Egas Moniz]] in 1949 for the [[lobotomy|prefrontal leucotomy]], bestowed despite protests from the medical establishment. Other controversies resulted from disagreements over who was included in the award. The 1952 prize to [[Selman Waksman]] was litigated in court, and half the patent rights awarded to his co-discoverer [[Albert Schatz (scientist)|Albert Schatz]] who was not recognized by the prize. The 1962 prize awarded to [[James D. Watson]], [[Francis Crick]] and [[Maurice Wilkins]] for their work on [[DNA]] structure and properties did not acknowledge the contributing work from others, such as [[Oswald Avery]] and [[Rosalind Franklin]] who had died by the time of the nomination. Since the Nobel Prize rules forbid nominations of the deceased, longevity is an asset, one prize being awarded as long as 50 years after the discovery. Also forbidden is awarding any one prize to more than three recipients, and since in the last half century there has been an increasing tendency for scientists to work as teams, this rule has resulted in controversial exclusions.