Wikipedia

Khác biệt giữa bản sửa đổi của “Người Kurd”

Duyệt lịch sử tương tác
← Thay đổi trướcThay đổi sau →
Nội dung được xóa Nội dung được thêm vào
Trực quanMã wiki
n Alphama Tool, General fixes
Không có tóm lược sửa đổi
Dòng 1:
{{redirect|Kurd}}
{{Infobox Ethnic group
{{Infobox ethnic group
|group = Người Kurd
|group = Kurds<br/>کورد, Kurd
|image =
|image = {{image array|perrow=5
|caption = <small>
| image1 = Saladin2.jpg | caption1 = [[Saladin]]
|pop = '''23''' to '''28''' million
| image2 = ჩობან აღა.png | caption2 = [[Sharaf Khan Bidlisi]]
|region1 = <div style="font-size:115%">'''[[Asia]]'''</div>
| image3 = Nizami Rug Crop.jpg | caption3 = [[Nizami Ganjavi|Nizami]]
| image4 = Qazi Muhammad.jpg | caption4 = [[Qazi Muhammad]]
| image5 = Said Nurs.jpg | caption5 = [[Said Nursi]]
| image6 = IhsannuriYashar.jpg| caption6 = [[Ihsan Nuri]]
| image7 = Simko Sikaki.jpg| caption7 = [[Simko Shikak]]
| image8 = Mustafa Yamulki.jpg| caption8 = [[Mustafa Yamulki]]
| image9 = Husni al-Zaiim.jpg | caption9 = [[Husni al-Za'im]]
| image10 = Kurdish Poet - Mahwi.jpg| caption10 = [[Mahwi]]
| image11 = Ostad Elahi 1.jpg|right | caption11 = [[Ostad Elahi]]
| image12 = Mustafa_Barzani.jpg|right | caption12 = [[Mustafa Barzani]]
| image13 = Jalal Talabani.jpg | caption13 = [[Jalal Talabani]]
| image14 = Mesud Barzani.jpg | caption14 = [[Massoud Barzani]]
| image15 = Muhsen Barazi.jpg | caption15 = [[Muhsen al-Barazi]]
| image16 = Saleh Muslim.jpg | caption16 = [[Saleh Muslim]]
| image17 = Zana.jpg| caption17 = [[Leyla Zana]]
| image18 = Zaro Agha. (ca. 1923-1939).jpg| caption18 = [[Zaro Aga]]
| image19 = Sanjabi11.jpg| caption19= [[Karim Sanjabi]]
| image20 = Suad Husni.jpg| caption20 = [[Soad Hosny]]
| image21 = Dr Widad Akrawi UN BMS2010 DI.png| caption21 = [[Widad Akrawi]]
| image22 = Mohammad Bagher Ghalibaf.jpg| caption22 = [[Mohammad Bagher Ghalibaf]]
| image23 = Ahmet Kaya.jpg| caption23 = [[Ahmet Kaya]]
| image24 = Dilsa Demirbag-Sten.JPG | caption24 = [[Dilsa Demirbag Sten]]
| image25 = BahmanGhobadi.JPG | caption25 = [[Bahman Ghobadi]]
 
}}
|pop = estimated '''30'''<ref name=CIA2>CIA - The World Factbook: 14 million in Turkey (18%)[https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/tu.html], 4.7–6.2 million in Iraq (15–20%)[https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/iz.html], 7.9 million in Iran(10%)[https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ir.html] (all for 2012), plus several million in Syria, neighboring countries, and the diaspora</ref> to '''38''' million<ref name=KHRP>''The Kurds: culture and language rights'' (Kerim Yildiz, Georgina Fryer, Kurdish Human Rights Project; 2004): 18% of Turkey, 20% of Iraq, 8% of Iran, 9.6%+ of Syria; plus 1–2 million in neighboring countries and the diaspora</ref><ref name="Mackey">Sandra Mackey , “The reckoning: Iraq and the legacy of Saddam”, W.W. Norton and Company, 2002. Excerpt from pg 350: “As much as 25% of Turkey is Kurdish.”</ref>
|region1 = <div style="font-size:115%">'''Traditional areas of Kurdish settlement'''</div>
|region2 = {{spaces|2}}{{flagcountry|Turkey}}
|pop2 = 1111–18.4 to 146 million <br/>15.7–25%
|ref2 = <ref name=CIA2/><ref name=KHRP/><ref name="Mackey"/><ref name=KONDA>[http://www.radikal.com.tr/Radikal.aspx?aType=RadikalDetayV3&ArticleID=913650&CategoryID=104 Kürtlerin nüfusu 11 milyonda İstanbul"da 2 milyon Kürt yaşıyor – Radikal Dizi]. Radikal.com.tr. Retrieved on 2013-07-12.</ref>
|ref2 = <ref>[http://www.milliyet.com.tr/2007/03/22/guncel/agun.html Konda Poll] gives a figure of about 11.4 million</ref><ref name=ciaturkey>[https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/tu.html#People CIA World Factbook gives about 14 million] (18% Kurds out of 72.5 million total population) (2008 est.)</ref><ref name="Turkish National Security Concil">[http://www.milliyet.com.tr/default.aspx?aType=SonDakika&ArticleID=873452 Turkish National Security Council] gives about 12.6 million (2008)</ref><ref>Juvenile Nonfiction, " The Handbook of Middle East ", Publisher: 21st Century, 2002. pg 144:"About 20 percent of Turkey ’s population is Kurdish."</ref><ref>Kemal Kirisci, Gareth M. Winrow, "The Kurdish Question and Turkey ", Routledge, 1997. pg 119: "According to Turgut Ozal there were 12 million Kurds in Turkey... Van Bruinessen has argued that a ‘reasonable and even conservative’ estimate for the size of Kurdish population in 1975 was 7.5 millions, which amounts to 19 percent of the population"</ref><ref>Sandra Mackey, "The reckoning: Iraq and the legacy of Saddam", W.W. Norton and Company, 2002. Excerpt from pg 350: "As much as 25% of Turkey is Kurdish."</ref><ref name="Beverley">"Beverley Milton-Edwards, "Contemporary politics in the Middle East" Polity, 2006. pg 231: "They form a population in all four states, making 23 percent in Turkey, 23 percent in Iraq, 10 percent in Iran and 8 percent in Syria (Mcdowell, 2003, p 3-4)."</ref><ref>http://www.wilsoncenter.org/subsites/ccpdc/pubs/kur/chap04.pdf (page 129 or 33), research carried out by the Turkish National Security Council (MGK) in 1996-97, according to which the Kurds will make up 40% of the population in the year 2010.</ref><ref>Michael M. Gunter, "The Kurds and the future of Turkey", St. Martin's Press, 1997, pg 147, ISBN 0-312-17265-6</ref>
<ref>Shireen Hunter, Huma Malik, "Modernization, democracy, and Islam", Greenwood Publishing Group, 2005, pg 131, ISBN 0-275-98511-3</ref><ref>Picard (Elisabeth), « Les Kurdes et l'Autodétermination: une problématique légitime à l'épreuve de dynamiques sociales », in Revue Française de Science Politique, Vol. 49, n° 3, juin 1999, p. 421-441 (see p. 422)</ref>
|region3 = {{spaces|2}}{{flagcountry|Iran}}
|pop3 = 6.55–7.9 tomillion 7 million<br/>7–10%
|ref3 = <ref name=CIA2/><ref name=KHRP/>
|ref3 = <ref>Estimate based on 7% of 68,688,433: <cite>World Factbook</cite>, s.v. ''[https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ir.html Iran];''</ref><ref name="Beverley"/>
|region4 = {{spaces|2}}{{flagcountry|Iraq}}
|pop4 = 6 to 6.2–6.5 million <br/>15–23%
|ref4 = <ref name=CIA2/><ref name=KHRP/>
|ref4 = <ref>Estimate based on 15% to 20% of 26,783,383: <cite>World Factbook</cite>, s.v. ''[https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/iz.html#People Iraq];'' <cite>Encyclopedia of the Orient</cite>, s.v. ''[http://lexicorient.com/e.o/iraq_4.htm Iraq: Religions and Peoples]''.</ref><ref name="Beverley"/>
|region5 = {{spaces|2}}{{flagcountry|Syria}}
|pop5 = 2.2–3 million <br/>9–15%
|ref5 = <ref name=KHRP/><ref>[https://ojcs.siue.edu/ojs/index.php/ssa/article/view/1818/496 Studying the Kurds in Syria: Challenges and Opportunities | Lowe | Syrian Studies Association Bulletin]. Ojcs.siue.edu. Retrieved on 2013-07-12.</ref><ref>{{cite web |first=John L. |last=Henriques |title=Syria: issues and historical background |publisher= Nova Science Publishers, |url=http://www.google.com/search?hl=en&tbo=1&tbm=bks&q=+Estimates+of+the+number+of+Kurds+in+Syria+vary+widely%2C+but+they+are+believed+to+compose+about+9+percent+of+the+population&aq=f&aqi=&aql=&oq= }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.opendemocracy.net/zana-khasraw-gul/where-are-syrian-kurds-heading-amidst-civil-war-in-syria|title=Where are the Syrian Kurds heading amidst the civil war in Syria?|last=Gul|first=Zana Khasraw|date=22 July 2013|publisher=Open Democracy|accessdate=4 November 2013}}</ref>
|ref5 = <ref>http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/3580.htm</ref>
|region7 = {{spaces|2}}{{flagcountry|Azerbaijan}}
|region6 = <div style="line-height:0.75em">&nbsp;</div>
|pop7 = 150,000–180,000
|region8 = {{spaces|2}}{{flagcountry|Liban}}
|ref7 =<ref name="coucileu"/><ref name="Vanly">Ismet Chériff Vanly, “The Kurds in the Soviet Union”, in: Philip G. Kreyenbroek & S. Sperl (eds.), The Kurds: A Contemporary Overview (London: Routledge, 1992). pg 164: Table based on 1990 estimates: Azerbaijan (180,000), Armenia (50,000), Georgia (40,000), Kazakhistan (30,000), Kyrghizistan (20,000), Uzbekistan (10,000), Tajikistan (3,000), Turkmenistan (50,000), Siberia (35,000), Krasnodar (20,000), Other (12,000), Total 450,000</ref>
|pop8 = 200,000
|region8 = {{spaces|2}}{{flagcountry|Russia}}
|ref8 = <ref name="kurdorama">''[http://www.institutkurde.org/en/kurdorama/ The Kurdish Diaspora],'' <cite>Institut Kurde de Paris</cite> (Paris: Institut Kurde de Paris, 2006), <nowiki>http://www.institutkurde.org/en/kurdorama/</nowiki>.</ref>
|pop8 = 63,818
|region9 = {{spaces|2}}{{flagcountry|Azerbaijan}}
|ref8 = <ref>{{cite web|title=Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 г. Национальный состав населения Российской Федерации|url=http://demoscope.ru/weekly/ssp/rus_nac_10.php|work=Demoscope|publisher=Demoscope|accessdate=4 July 2012}}</ref>
|pop9 = 13.100 <ref>[http://www.azstat.org/statinfo/demoqraphic/az/006.shtml#s7]</ref> to 150,000
|region9 = {{spaces|2}}{{flagcountry|Armenia}}
|ref9 = <ref name="kurdorama"/>
|pop9 = 37,470
|region10 = {{spaces|2}}{{flagcountry|Israel}}
|ref9 = <ref>{{cite web|title=Information from the 2011 Armenian National Census|url=http://www.armstat.am/file/doc/99478353.pdf|language=Armenian|work=Statistics of Armenia|accessdate=27 May 2014}}</ref>
|pop10 = 100,000
|region10 = {{spaces|2}}{{flagcountry|Georgia}}
|ref10 = <ref>Lokman I. Meho, <!--[http://www.slis.indiana.edu/faculty/meho/meho-bibliography-2001.pdf DEAD LINK--> ''The Kurds and Kurdistan: A General Background'', in <cite>Kurdish Culture and Society: An Annotated Bibliography</cite>. Comp. Lokman I. Meho & Kelly Maglaughlin (Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 2001), p. 4, [http://books.google.com/books?id=sl4PIeyWriUC&pg=PA3&lpg=PA3&dq=%22The+Kurds+and+Kurdistan:+A+General+Background%22&source=bl&ots=bi-xN5Xwcd&sig=jxTkV_bhnEkpbxL2uRSZEIpp1c0&hl=en&sa=X&oi=book_result&resnum=4&ct=result#PPA4,M1 viewable on Google Books]</ref>
|pop10 = 20,843
|region11 = {{spaces|2}}{{flagcountry|Russia}}
|ref10 = <ref>{{cite web|title=The Human Rights situation of the Yezidi minority in the Transcaucasus|url=http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/pdfid/485fa2342.pdf|work=United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees|publisher=United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees|page=18}}</ref>
|pop11 = 100,000
'''Diaspora'''
|ref11 = <ref name="coucileu"/>
|region11 = <div style="line-height:0.75em">&nbsp;</div>
|region12 = {{spaces|2}}{{flagcountry|Armenia}}
|region11 = <div style="font-size:115%">'''[[Diaspora]]'''</div>
|pop12 = 45,000
|region12 = {{spaces|2}}{{flagcountry|Germany}}
|ref12=<ref name="kurdorama"/>
|pop12 = 800,000
|region16 = <div style="line-height:0.75em">&nbsp;</div>
|ref12 = <ref>{{cite news|title=Camps built in Germany, Austria to win new members for PKK, reports reveal|url=http://www.todayszaman.com/news-289089-camps-built-in-germany-austria-to-win-new-members-for-pkk-reports-reveal.html|accessdate=28 October 2012|newspaper=Zaman|date=9 August 2012}}</ref>
|region16 = <div style="font-size:115%">'''[[Europe (định hướng)|Europe]]'''</div>
|region17region13 = {{spaces|2}}{{flagcountry|GermanyIsrael}}
|pop17pop13 = 500,000Over to 800150,000
|ref13 = <ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.i24news.tv/en/news/israel/society/130930-israel-s-kurds-celebrate-annual-festival-in-jerusalem|title=Jewish Kurds from Iraq, Syria attend Jerusalem festival |publisher=I24 News |accessdate=2013-09-11}}</ref>
|ref17 = <ref name="kurdorama"/><ref name="coucileu"/>
|region18region14 = {{spaces|2}}{{flagcountry|SwedenFrance}}
|pop18pop14 = 50,000 to 60135,000
|ref14 =<ref name="coucileu"/>{{dead link|date=January 2014}}
|ref18 =<ref>[http://www.fkks.se/index.php?module=announce&ANN_user_op=view&ANN_id=95 Kurdiska Riksförbundet i Sverige]</ref>
|region19region15 = {{spaces|2}}{{flagcountry|FranceSweden}}
|pop19pop15 = 5090,000
|ref15 =<ref name="coucileu"/>{{dead link|date=January 2014}}
|ref19 =<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/7746969.stm Kurds in the UK], BBC News 9 December 2008</ref>
|region16 = {{spaces|2}}{{flagcountry|Netherlands}}
|languages =[[Kurdish language|Kurdish]]<br />{{smaller|''In its different forms: [[Sorani]], [[Zazaki]], [[Kurmanji]], and [[Fayli]] [[Southern Kurdish|Southern dialects]]''}}
|pop16 = 75,000
|religions = Predominantly [[Sunni Muslim]]<br />also some [[Hồi giáo Shia|Shia]], [[Sufi]], [[Yazidism]], [[Yarsan]], [[Judaism]], [[Kitô giáo|Christianity]]
|ref16 =<ref name="coucileu"/>{{dead link|date=January 2014}}
|related = other [[Iranian peoples]]<br />([[Talysh people|Talysh]]{{•}} [[Baloch people|Baluch]]{{•}} [[Guilak|Gilak]]{{•}} [[Lurs]]{{•}} [[Persian people|Persians]])
|region17 = {{spaces|2}}{{flagcountry|Belgium}}{{dead link|date=January 2014}}
}}
|pop17 = 60,000
|ref17 = <ref name="coucileu"/>
|region18 = {{spaces|2}}{{flagcountry|United Kingdom}}
|pop18 = 49,921
|ref18 =<ref>{{cite web|title=QS211EW - Ethnic group (detailed)|url=http://www.nomisweb.co.uk/census/2011/CT0010/view/2092957703|work=nomis|publisher=Office for National Statistics|accessdate=3 August 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Ethnic Group - Full Detail_QS201NI|url=http://www.ninis2.nisra.gov.uk/Download/Census%202011_Excel/2011/QS201NI.xls|accessdate=4 September 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Scotland's Census 2011 - National Records of Scotland, Language used at home other than English (detailed)|url=http://www.scotlandscensus.gov.uk/documents/censusresults/release2a/rel2A_Language_detailed_Scotland.pdf|work=Scotland Census|publisher=Scotland Census|accessdate=29 September 2013}}</ref>
|region19 = {{spaces|2}}{{flagcountry|Kazakhstan}}
|pop19 = 41,431
|ref19 = <ref name="KZ2013">[http://stat.gov.kz/getImg?id=ESTAT074326 Қазақстан Республикасы Статистика агенттігі. ҚАЗАҚСТАННЫҢ ЭТНОДЕМОГРАФИЯЛЫҚ ЖЫЛНАМАЛЫҒЫ] ЭТНОДЕМОГРАФИЧЕСКИЙ ЕЖЕГОДНИК КАЗАХСТАНА 2013</ref>
|region20 = {{spaces|2}}{{flagcountry|Denmark}}
|pop20 = 30,000
|ref20 = <ref>{{cite news|title=Fakta: Kurdere i Danmark|url=http://jyllands-posten.dk/indland/ECE5105449/fakta-kurdere-i-danmark/|accessdate=24 December 2013|newspaper=Jyllandsposten|date=8 May 2006|language=Danish}}</ref>
|region21 = {{spaces|2}}{{flagcountry|Jordan}}
|pop21 = 30,000
|ref21 = <ref>{{cite web|title=Language and Cultural Shift Among the Kurds of Jordan|url=http://www.linguistics.fi/julkaisut/SKY2010/Al-Khatib_Al-Ali_netti.pdf|accessdate=10 November 2012|author=Mahmoud A. Al-Khatib and Mohammed N. Al-Ali|page=12}}</ref>
|region22 = {{spaces|2}}{{flagcountry|Greece}}
|pop22 = 28,000
|ref22 = <ref>{{cite news|title=Kurds Flee Persecution for 'Sympathetic Shores' of Greece|url=http://www.csmonitor.com/1998/0112/011298.intl.intl.2.html/(page)/2|accessdate=22 December 2013|newspaper=The Christian Science Monitor|date=12 January 1998}}</ref>
|region23 = {{spaces|2}}{{flagcountry|United States}}
|pop23 = 15,361
|ref23 = <ref>{{cite web|title=2006–2010 American Community Survey Selected Population Tables|url=http://factfinder2.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?pid=ACS_10_SF4_B01003&prodType=table|work=Government of the United States of America|publisher=Government of the United States of America|accessdate=5 August 2013}}</ref>
|region24 = {{spaces|2}}{{flagcountry|Switzerland}}
|pop24 = 14,669
|ref24 = <ref>{{cite web|title=Population résidante permanente de 15 ans et plus, ayant comme langue principale: kurde, en 2012|url=https://docs.google.com/spreadsheet/ccc?key=0AvYu3HqlaNeEdGtsd2xJdXp3TVMyZGpMcjZTc183YkE&usp=sharing|work=Statistics of Switzerland|publisher=Statistics of Switzerland|accessdate=28 May 2014}}</ref>
|region25 = {{spaces|2}}{{flagcountry|Kyrgyzstan}}
|pop25 = 13,171
|ref25 =<ref>{{cite web|title=4.1. Number of resident population by selected nationality|url=http://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/sources/census/2010_phc/Kyrgyzstan/A5-2PopulationAndHousingCensusOfTheKyrgyzRepublicOf2009.pdf|work=Government of Kyrgyzstan|publisher=United Nations|accessdate=9 July 2012}}</ref><ref name=kyrgyzstan2>{{cite web|title=Население Кыргызстана|url=http://212.42.101.100:8088/nacstat/node/12|language=Russian}}</ref>
|region26 = {{spaces|2}}{{flagcountry|Canada}}
|pop26 = 11,685
|ref26 = <ref>{{cite web|title=2011 National Household Survey: Data tables|url=http://www12.statcan.gc.ca/nhs-enm/2011/dp-pd/dt-td/Rp-eng.cfm?LANG=E&APATH=3&DETAIL=0&DIM=0&FL=A&FREE=0&GC=0&GID=0&GK=0&GRP=0&PID=105396&PRID=0&PTYPE=105277&S=0&SHOWALL=0&SUB=0&Temporal=2013&THEME=95&VID=0&VNAMEE=&VNAMEF|work=Statistics of Canada|publisher=Statistics of Canada|accessdate=19 January 2013}}</ref>
|region27 = {{spaces|2}}{{flagcountry|Finland}}
|pop27 = 10,075
|ref27 = <ref>{{cite web|title=Language according to age and sex by region 1990–2011|url=http://pxweb2.stat.fi/Dialog/varval.asp?ma=030_vaerak_tau_102_en&path=../database/StatFin/vrm/vaerak/&lang=1&multilang=en|work=Statistics Finland|publisher=Statistics Finland|accessdate=19 January 2013}}</ref>
|region28 = {{spaces|2}}{{flagcountry|Australia}}
|pop28 = 6,991
|ref28= <ref>{{cite web|title=The People of Australia - Statistics from the 2011 census|url=http://www.omi.wa.gov.au/resources/publications/LocalGovernment/The_People_of_Australia.pdf|publisher=SBS|accessdate=29 May 2014}}</ref>
|region29 = {{spaces|2}}{{flagcountry|Turkmenistan}}
|pop29 = 6.097
|ref29 =<ref>{{cite web|title=Итоги всеобщей переписи населения Туркменистана по национальному составу в 1995 году.|url=http://asgabat.net/turkmenistan/itogi-vseobschei-perepisi-naselenija-turkmenistana-po-nacionalnomu-sostavu-v-1995-godu.html|work=asgabat.net|publisher=asgabat.net|accessdate=31 July 2012|language=Russian}}</ref>
|region30 = {{spaces|2}}{{flagcountry|Austria}}
|pop30 = 2,133
|ref30 = <ref>{{cite web|title=Tabelle 14: Bevölkerung nach Umgangssprache, Staatsangehörigkeit und Geburtsland|url=ftp://www.statistik.at/pub/neuerscheinungen/vzaustriaweb.pdf|work=Statistics of Austria|publisher=Statistics of Austria|accessdate=27 April 2013|page=75|language=German}}</ref>
|languages =[[Kurdish languages|Kurdish]] and [[Zaza–Gorani languages|Zazaki–Gorani]]<br/>{{smaller|''In their different forms: [[Sorani]], [[Kurmanji]], [[Fayli]], [[Southern Kurdish]], [[Laki language|Laki]], [[Zazaki language|Zazaki]], [[Bajelani language|Bajalani]], [[Gorani language|Gorani]]''}}
|religions = Mostly [[Islam]] (predominately [[Sunni]], but also [[Shia]] and [[Sufism]]) with minorities of [[Atheism]], [[Agnosticism]], [[Yazdânism]], [[Zoroastrianism]], [[Christianity]] and [[Judaism]]
|related = other [[Iranian peoples]]
|footnotes = All population numbers are estimates by 3rd parties.
Turkey, Iran and Syria do not track or provide population statistics.
|}}
'''Người Kurd''' ({{lang-ku|کورد / Kurd}}) là nhóm dân tộc chủ yếu sống ở [[Kurdistan]], hiện tại nằm trong [[Iran]], [[Iraq]], [[Syria]] và [[Thổ Nhĩ Kỳ]].
 
Lấy từ “https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Người_Kurd”