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|death_place= [[Paris]], [[France]]}}
'''Laureano Vallenilla Lanz''' (Novembersinh ngày 10, tháng 11 năm 1870 – Novembermất ngày 16, tháng 11 năm 1936) waslà amột [[Venezuela]]nhọc intellectualgiả andvà nhà xã hội học người [[sociologistVenezuela]]. whoÔng occupiedlà thechủ presidencytịch ofquốc thehội congresstrong forvòng 20 yearsnăm duringdưới thechính Gomezquyền regimeGomez.<ref name=diego>{{cite book|last1=von Vacano|first1=Diego A.|title=The Color of Citizenship: Race, Modernity and Latin American / Hispanic Political Thought|publisher=Oxford University Press|date=2012 | location=Oxford, UK|isbn=9780199746668|pages=83–111|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=hjsjyJhSepoC&pg=PA83&lpg=PA83&dq=Laureano+Vallenilla+Lanz+caesarism&source=bl&ots=Oofowg4Ovt&sig=kiY9AMw3cbL35CgIt3AGBFWONaQ&hl=en&sa=X&ei=_8YXVNvrCOaHsQSB7IKQCA&ved=0CD8Q6AEwBA#v=onepage&q=Laureano%20Vallenilla%20Lanz%20caesarism&f=false}}</ref><ref>{{es icon}} [http://www.ivic.ve/memoria/bios/vallenilla_lanz_laureano.htm "Vallenilla Lanz, Laureano"], biography, [[Venezuelan Institute for Scientific Research|Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Cientificas]]. Accessed November 20, 2007.</ref>
==Sự nghiệp chính trị==
==Political career==
==Ý thức hệ==
Vallenilla Lanz held a number of positions under the dictatorship of [[Juan Vicente Gómez]] and was well known as an apologist for his regime. In his best-known work, ''Cesarismo Democrático'' (1919; [[English language|English]] title: ''Democratic Caesarism''), he justified the ''[[caudillo]]'' system by stating that due to the character of the Venezuelan people, rule by a dictator was necessary to maintain public order. In his view, this system was democratic in the sense that it was due to the "unconscious suggestion of the majority".<ref>pp. 15–17, ''Rómulo Betancourt and the Transformation of Venezuela'', Robert Jackson Alexander, Transaction Publishers, 1982, ISBN 0-87855-450-5.</ref><ref>Leo B. Lott, [http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0003-0554(195606)50%3A2%3C422%3AEPIV%3E2.0.CO%3B2-V "Executive Power in Venezuela"], ''[[American Political Science Review]]'' '''50''', #2 (June 1956), pp. 422–441.</ref>
===Dân chủ kiểu Caesar===
He was for a time the [[Envoy (title)|Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary]] of Venezuela to France during the 1930s. <ref> {{cite news |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |title= Venezuela|url= http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k64749666/f80.item|newspaper=Liste de MM. les membres du Corps diplomatique |location=Paris |date=July 10, 1935 |access-date=May 12, 2016 }}</ref>
==Cái chết==
Đám tang Vallenilla 's funeralđược wastổ heldchức onvào Novemberngày 18 , 1936tháng at11 thenăm 1936 tại [[Église Saint-Pierre-de-Chaillot]] intại Paris. TheNghi remembrancethức wastưởng ledniệm byđược histhực sonhiện bởi con ông là Laureano Vallenilla andvà một số thành otherviên memberskhác oftrong thegia familyđình. <ref> {{cite news|language=French |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |title=Deuils |url=http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k4093087/f2.item |newspaper=Le Figaro |location= |date=November 19, 1936 |access-date=May 12, 2016 }}</ref> ▼
==Ideology Xem thêm ==
Vallenilla was "largely responsible for developing a body of historical and sociological theory dealing with issues of race, power relations, and social development". He viewed "the popular masses as a backward and unruly social group" and argued that political leadership needed to be "exercised through the mediation of a popular strongman who would channel the energies of the masses during the transition to a democratic order".<ref name=aponte>{{cite book|last1=Aponte|first1=Pedro Rafael|title=The Invention of the National in Venezuelan Art Music, 1920–1960|date=2008|publisher=University of Pittsburgh|isbn=9781109053203|url= http://d-scholarship.pitt.edu/10289/1/APONTE.ETD_2008.pdf|pages=33–36}}</ref>
===Democratic Caesarism===
Specifically, Vallenilla argued that [[race (human classification)|race]] had no biological basis and ought to be understood as [[Social constructionism|socially constructed]], particularly through political projects of nation-making. Vallenilla assailed the notion that racial purity provides moral or political legitimacy.
==Death==
▲Vallenilla's funeral was held on November 18, 1936 at the [[Église Saint-Pierre-de-Chaillot]] in Paris. The remembrance was led by his son Laureano Vallenilla and other members of the family. <ref> {{cite news|language=French |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |title=Deuils |url=http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k4093087/f2.item |newspaper=Le Figaro |location= |date=November 19, 1936 |access-date=May 12, 2016 }}</ref>
== See also ==
*[[José Gil Fortoul]]
*[[Văn học Venezuela]]
*[[Venezuelan literature]]
*[[Danh sách nhà văn Venezuela]]
*[[List of Venezuelan writers]]
==ReferencesChú thích==
{{reflist}}
==Liên kết ngoài==
==External links==
* {{Internet Archive author |sname=Laureano Vallenilla Lanz}}
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