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{{Infobox Website
| name = Nupedia
| logo = [[ImageTập tin:ImageNupedia.png|250px|Nupedia logo]]
| type = [[Internet encyclopedia project]]
| language = English, German, Spanish, French, Italian
Dòng 23:
In June 2008, [[CNET]] hailed Nupedia as one of the greatest defunct websites in the still young internet history.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://crave.cnet.co.uk/0,39029477,49296926-5,00.htm|title=The greatest defunct Web sites and dotcom disasters|publisher=CNET|date=2008-06-05|accessdate=2008-06-05}}</ref>
 
== History ==
[[ImageTập tin:Nupedia oldlogo.PNG|thumb|right|Nupedia's Original HTML logo]]
In the autumn of 1999, Wales began thinking about an online encyclopedia built by volunteers and, in January 2000, hired Sanger to oversee its development.<ref name="hive"/> The project officially went online on March 9, 2000.
<ref name="Liane Gouthro">{{cite news
Dòng 44:
Besides leading to discontinuation of the GNUPedia project, Wikipedia also led to the gradual demise of Nupedia. Due to the collapse of the internet economy at that time, Jimmy Wales decided to discontinue funding for a salaried editor-in-chief in December 2001<ref name="hive" /> and Sanger resigned from both projects soon thereafter. After Sanger's departure, Nupedia increasingly became an afterthought to Wikipedia; of the Nupedia articles that completed the review process, only two did so after 2001. As Nupedia dwindled into inactivity, the idea of converting it into a stable version of approved Wikipedia articles was occasionally broached, but never implemented. The Nupedia website at nupedia.com was shut down on [[September 26]], [[2003]], but a few pages were still available at a mirror,<ref>[http://nupedia.8media.org/ Nupedia, the free encyclopedia<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> [[link rot|although this mirror is now inaccessible]]. Nupedia's (limited) content has since been assimilated into Wikipedia.<ref>[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Nupedia_and_Wikipedia#Articles_copied_to_Wikipedia]</ref>
 
== Editorial process ==
Nupedia had a seven-step editorial process, consisting of:
# Assignment
# Finding a lead reviewer
# Lead review
# Open review
# Lead copyediting
# Open copyediting
# Final approval and markup
 
With the benefit of hindsight, the level of the bar to becoming a Nupedia contributor was probably unrealistically high, with the policy stating: "We wish editors to be true experts in their fields and (with few exceptions) possess [[Ph.D.|PhDs]]".{{Citation needed|date=December 2007}} However, the reviewers evaluating drafts of an article generally would have no special expertise regarding the article's subject. Reviewers were identified by [[User (computing)|screen namenames]]s, and although there was a facility that allowed reviewers to post their bios, many did not; thus, the expert who was writing the article was often obliged to modify it, based on comments from effectively anonymous reviewers, with no way of knowing their qualifications. The process was also different from Wikipedia's because the expectation was that reviewers would criticise the articles without actually editing them. As the number of participants in Nupedia was so small (many orders of magnitude smaller than the number of participants in the mature stages of Wikipedia), there was generally no dialogue between people with knowledge on the article's subject.
 
== Software development ==
Nupedia was powered by NupeCode [[collaborative software]]. NupeCode is [[Free software|free]]/[[open source]] software (released under the [[GNU General Public License]]) designed for large [[peer review]] projects. The code was available via Nupedia's [[Concurrent Versions System|CVS]] repository. One of the problems experienced by Nupedia during much of its existence was that the software lacked functionality. Much of the missing functionality had been mocked-up using underlined blocks of text which appeared to be hyperlinks, but actually were not.
 
As part of the project, a new version of the original software (called "NuNupedia") was under development. NuNupedia was implemented for testing at [[SourceForge]], but never reached a sufficient stage of development to replace the original software.
 
== See also ==
* [[GNUPedia]]
* [[List of online encyclopedias]]
* [[List of wikis]]
 
== References ==
{{reflist}}
 
== External links ==
* [http://web.archive.org/web/*/www.nupedia.com/ Earlier versions of Nupedia] (from the [[Internet Archive]])
* Larry Sanger: [http://features.slashdot.org/article.pl?sid=05/04/18/164213&tid=95&tid=149&tid=9 The Early History of Nupedia and Wikipedia: A Memoir Part 1] and [http://features.slashdot.org/article.pl?sid=05/04/19/1746205&tid=95 Part 2]. [[Slashdot]], April 2005
* [http://nunupedia.sourceforge.net/ NuNupedia project page on Sourceforge] (currently broken, as of July 2008)
* [http://nupedia.8media.org/ Archive of Nupedia on 8media.org] (http://pedia.nu used to redirect here)
 
{{Wikipediahistory}}
 
[[CategoryThể loại:Online encyclopedias]]
[[CategoryThể loại:Wikipedia]]
[[CategoryThể loại:History of Wikipedia]]
[[CategoryThể loại:New encyclopedism]]
[[CategoryThể loại:Internet properties established in 2000]]
[[CategoryThể loại:2003 disestablishments]]
[[CategoryThể loại:Defunct websites]]
 
[[ar:نيوبيديا]]
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[[id:Nupedia]]
[[ms:Nupedia]]
[[be:Нупедыя]]
[[be-x-old:Нупэдыя]]
[[bs:Nupedia]]
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