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Khác biệt giữa bản sửa đổi của “Eris (hành tinh lùn)”

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Các nhà thiên văn hiện nay biết rằng 3 trong số 4 thiên thể vành đai Kuiper sáng nhất có vệ tinh, trong khi các thành viên mờ hơn của vành đai chỉ khoảng 10% là đã biết có vệ tinh. Điều này được tin là các va chạm giữa các KBO lớn là thường xuyên trong quá khứ. Các va chạm giữa các thiên thể kích thước khoảng 1000&nbsp;km có thể phát tán ra một lượng lớn vật chất để sau đó chúng kết hợp lại thành vệ tinh. Cơ chế tương tự được coi là đã dẫn tới sự hình thành của vệ tinh tự nhiên duy nhất của Trái Đất là [[Mặt Trăng]] khi Trái Đất đã bị va chạm với một thiên thể khổng lồ trong thời kỳ lịch sử đầu tiên của [[hệ Mặt Trời]].<ref>ME Brown, MA van Dam, AH Bouchez, D. LeMignant, CA Trujillo, R. Campbell, J. Chin, Conrad A., S. Hartman, E. Johansson, R. Lafon, DL Rabinowitz, P. Stomski, D. Summers, PL Wizinowich (2006). "Satellites of the largest Kuiper belt objects" (abstract page). The Astrophysical Journal 639 (1): L43–L46. doi: 10.1086/501524. arXiv: astro-ph/0510029.</ref><ref>David Tytell (2006). [https://archive.is/20120527001734/www.skyandtelescope.com/news/home/3916126.html "All Hail Eris and Dysnomia"]. Sky and Telescope. Cập nhập 2010/01/05.</ref>
== Tham chiếu ==
{{reflist
{{Tham khảo}}
| colwidth = 30em
| refs =
 
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<ref name="New Planet">
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<ref name="jpldata">
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<ref name="MPC">
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<ref name="Buie2007">
{{cite web
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| date = November 6, 2007
| title = Orbit Fit and Astrometric record for 136199
| publisher = [[Deep Ecliptic Survey]]
| url = http://www.boulder.swri.edu/~buie/kbo/astrom/136199.html
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}}
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<ref name="sicardy">
{{cite journal
| title = Size, density, albedo and atmosphere limit of dwarf planet Eris from a stellar occultation
| journal = European Planetary Science Congress Abstracts
| volume = 6
| date = 2011
| url = http://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EPSC-DPS2011/EPSC-DPS2011-137-8.pdf
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<ref name="Beatty2010-NewScientist">
{{cite web
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| first = Kelly
| title = Former 'tenth planet' may be smaller than Pluto
| publisher = Sky and Telescope
| work = NewScientist.com
| date = November 2010
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<ref name="Brown Schaller 2007">
{{cite journal| doi = 10.1126/science.1139415| last1 = Brown| first1 = Michael E.| authorlink = Michael E. Brown| last2 = Schaller| first2 = Emily L.| date = 15 June 2007| title = The Mass of Dwarf Planet Eris| journal = Science| volume = 316| issue = 5831| page = 1585| pmid = 17569855| pmc = | bibcode = 2007Sci...316.1585B| ref = harv | url= http://hubblesite.org/pubinfo/pdf/2007/24/pdf.pdf}} <!-- {{sfn|Brown Schaller|2007}} -->
</ref>
 
<ref name="Snodgrass et al. 2010">
{{cite journal| doi = 10.1051/0004-6361/200913031| last1 = Snodgrass| first1 = C.| last2 = Carry| first2 = B.| last3 = Dumas| first3 = C.| last4 = Hainaut| first4 = O.| title = Characterisation of candidate members of (136108) Haumea's family| journal = Astronomy and Astrophysics| volume = 511| pages = A72| date = February 2010| pmid = | pmc = | arxiv = 0912.3171| bibcode = 2010A&A...511A..72S| ref = harv}} <!-- {{sfn|Snodgrass|Carry|Dumas|Hainaut|2010}} ...et al. it... -->
</ref>
 
<ref name="AstDys">
{{cite web
| title = AstDys (136199) Eris Ephemerides
| publisher = Department of Mathematics, University of Pisa, Italy
| url = http://hamilton.dm.unipi.it/astdys/index.php?pc=1.1.3.0&n=Eris
| accessdate = February 28, 2016
}}
</ref>
 
<ref name="Bertoldi Altenhoff et al. 2006">
{{cite journal| doi = 10.1038/nature04494| last1 = Bertoldi | first1 = F.| last2 = Altenhoff | first2 = W.| last3 = Weiss | first3 = A.| last4 = Menten | first4 = K. M.| last5 = Thum | first5 = C.| date = 2 February 2006| title = The trans-Neptunian object {{mp|UB|313}} is larger than Pluto| journal = Nature| volume = 439| issue = 7076| pages = 563–564| pmid = 16452973| pmc = | bibcode = 2006Natur.439..563B| ref = {{sfnRef|Bertoldi Altenhoff et al.|2006}}
}} <!-- {{sfn|Bertoldi Altenhoff et al.|2006}} -->
</ref>
 
<ref name="070614_eris_mass">
{{cite web
| title = Dwarf Planet Outweighs Pluto
| url = http://www.space.com/scienceastronomy/070614_eris_mass.html
| work = space.com
| date = 2007
| accessdate = June 14, 2007
}}
</ref>
 
<ref name="NASA Pluto larger 2015">
{{cite web
| title = How Big Is Pluto? New Horizons Settles Decades-Long Debate
| url = http://www.nasa.gov/feature/how-big-is-pluto-new-horizons-settles-decades-long-debate
| work = www.nasa.gov
| date = 2015
| accessdate = July 14, 2015
}}
</ref>
 
<ref name="IAUPressRelease2006">
{{cite press release|publisher=[[IAU]] |date=August 16, 2006 |title=The IAU draft definition of "planet" and "plutons" |url=http://www.iau2006.org/mirror/www.iau.org/iau0601/iau0601_release.html |accessdate=August 16, 2006 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20060820075858/http://www.iau2006.org/mirror/www.iau.org/iau0601/iau0601_release.html |archivedate=August 20, 2006 }}
</ref>
 
<ref name="Brown2010-occult">
{{cite web
| last = Brown
| first = Mike
| date = 2010
| title = The shadowy hand of Eris
| publisher = Mike Brown's Planets
| url = http://www.mikebrownsplanets.com/2010/11/shadowy-hand-of-eris.html
| accessdate = November 7, 2010
}}
</ref>
 
<ref name="Brown2010-Plutosize">
{{cite web
| last = Brown
| first = Mike
| date = November 22, 2010
| title = How big is Pluto, anyway?
| publisher = Mike Brown's Planets
| url = http://www.mikebrownsplanets.com/2010/11/how-big-is-pluto-anyway.html
| accessdate = November 23, 2010}} [http://tech.groups.yahoo.com/group/mpml/message/24568 (Franck Marchis on 2010-11-08)]
</ref>
 
<ref name="MaughJohnson">
{{cite news
| title = His Stellar Discovery Is Eclipsed
|author1=Thomas H. Maugh II |author2=John Johnson Jr. | work = Los Angeles Times
| url = http://articles.latimes.com/2005/oct/16/local/me-planet16
| accessdate = July 14, 2008
| date = October 16, 2005
}}
</ref>
 
<ref name="plutoid">
{{cite web
| url = http://www.space.com/scienceastronomy/080611-plutoid-planets.html
| title = Pluto Now Called a Plutoid
| work = [[Space.com]]
| date = June 11, 2008
| accessdate = June 11, 2008
}}
</ref>
 
<ref name="GallardoBrunini">
{{cite journal
| title = On the origin of the High-Perihelion Scattered Disk: the role of the Kozai mechanism and mean motion resonances
|author1=Gomes R. S. |author2=Gallardo T. |author3=Fernández J. A. |author4=Brunini A. | journal = Celestial Mechanics and Dynamical Astronomy
| date = 2005
| volume = 91
| issue = 1–2
| pages = 109–129
| doi = 10.1007/s10569-004-4623-y
| bibcode = 2005CeMDA..91..109G
}}
</ref>
 
<ref name="JPL-2005-126">
{{cite web
| title = NASA-Funded Scientists Discover Tenth Planet
| url = http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.cfm?release=2005-126
| work = Jet Propulsion Laboratory
| date = 2005
| accessdate = May 3, 2007
}}
</ref>
 
<ref name="IAU 2006 5&6">
{{cite news
| url = http://www.iau.org/fileadmin/content/pdfs/Resolution_GA26-5-6.pdf
| archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20060928081931/http://www.iau.org/fileadmin/content/pdfs/Resolution_GA26-5-6.pdf
| archivedate = 2006-09-28
| title = IAU 2006 General Assembly: Resolutions 5 and 6
| date = August 24, 2006
| publisher = IAU
}}
</ref>
 
<ref name="Britt2006">
{{cite web
| title = Pluto Demoted: No Longer a Planet in Highly Controversial Definition
| author = Robert Roy Britt
| url = http://space.com/scienceastronomy/060824_planet_definition.html
| work = space.com
| date = 2006
| accessdate = May 3, 2007
}}
</ref>
 
<ref name="IAUC 8747">
{{cite journal
| last = Green
| first = Daniel W. E.
| title = (134340) Pluto, (136199) Eris, and (136199) Eris I (Dysnomia)
| date = September 13, 2006
| journal = [[IAU Circular]]
| volume = 8747
| url = http://www.cbat.eps.harvard.edu/iauc/08700/08747.html
| accessdate = January 12, 2012
| ref = {{sfnRef|IAUC 8747}}
}}
</ref>
 
<ref name="USGS-UB-313">
{{cite web
| last = Blue
| first = Jennifer
| title = 2003 UB 313 named Eris
| date = September 14, 2006
| work = USGS Astrogeology Research Program
| url = http://astrogeology.usgs.gov/HotTopics/index.php?/archives/211-2003-UB313-named-Eris.html
| accessdate = January 3, 2007
}}
</ref>
 
<ref name="IAU-2003-UB313">
{{cite web
| title = International Astronomical Association homepage
| url = http://www.iau.org/IAU/FAQ/2003_UB313.html/
| accessdate = January 5, 2007
| archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20070930155414/http://www.iau.org/IAU/FAQ/2003_UB313.html/
| archivedate = September 30, 2007
}}
</ref>
 
<ref name="AAS-XenaGabrielle">
{{cite web
| title = Xena and Gabrielle
|date=January 2006
| work = Status
| url = http://www.aas.org/cswa/status/Status_Jan06.pdf
| format = PDF
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}}
 
</ref>
 
<ref name="WGBH">
{{cite web
| last = Brown
| first = Mike
| date = 2007
| title = Lowell Lectures in Astronomy
| work = WGBH
| url = http://forum.wgbh.org/content/forum/3710-2007_04_11.mp3
| accessdate = July 13, 2008
}}
</ref>
 
<ref name="Pluto's Twin">
{{cite news
| title = Faraway Eris is Pluto's Twin
| newspaper = ESO Science Release
| date = October 26, 2011
| url = http://www.eso.org/public/news/eso1142/
| accessdate = October 28, 2011
}}
</ref>
 
<ref name="Schilling2008">
{{cite book
| last = Schilling
| first = Govert
| date = 2008
| title = The Hunt For Planet X
| publisher = Springer
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| isbn = 978-0-387-77804-4
}}
</ref>
 
<ref name="TechRepublic2006">
{{cite web
| title = Planet X Marks the Spot
| work = TechRepublic
| date = 2006
| url = http://www.sunflower-astronomy.com/KCKCC_Docs/NewsArticles/Geek_Trivia_Planet_X_marks_the_spot.pdf
| format = PDF
| accessdate = July 13, 2008
}}
</ref>
 
<ref name="O'Neill2005-NewScientist">
{{cite web
| last = O'Neill
| first = Sean
| date = 2005
| title = Your top 10 names for the tenth planet
| work = NewScientist
| url = http://www.newscientist.com/article.ns?id=dn7811
| accessdate = June 28, 2008
}}
</ref>
 
<ref name="caltech">
{{cite web
| title = The Discovery of Eris, the Largest Known Dwarf Planet
| publisher = California Institute of Technology, Department of Geological Sciences
| url = http://www.gps.caltech.edu/~mbrown/planetlila/
| accessdate = January 5, 2007
}}
</ref>
 
<ref name="IAU0605">
{{cite web
| title = IAU0605: IAU Names Dwarf Planet Eris
| publisher =
| date = September 14, 2006
| work = International Astronomical Union News
| url = http://www.iau.org/iau0605_Eris.409.0.html
| accessdate = January 5, 2007
}}
</ref>
 
<ref name="horizons">
{{cite web
| last = Yeomans
| first = Donald K.
| title = Horizons Online Ephemeris System
| publisher = California Institute of Technology, Jet Propulsion Laboratory
| url = http://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/horizons.cgi?find_body=1&body_group=sb&sstr=Eris
| accessdate = January 5, 2007
}}
</ref>
 
<ref name="Johnston">
{{cite web
| last = Johnston
| first = Wm. Robert
| date = 20 September 2014
| title = (136199) Eris and Dysnomia
| publisher = Johnston's Archive
| url = http://www.johnstonsarchive.net/astro/astmoons/am-136199.html
| accessdate = 27 September 2015
}}
</ref>
 
<ref name="Peat-Heavens-Above">
{{cite web
| last = Peat
| first = Chris
| title = Spacecraft escaping the Solar System
| publisher = Heavens-Above
| url = http://www.heavens-above.com/SolarEscape.aspx
| accessdate = January 25, 2008
}}
</ref>
 
<ref name="orbitsimulator">
[http://www.orbitsimulator.com/gravity/articles/newtno.html Simulation of Eris ({{mp|2003 UB|313}})'s orbit predicting a 17:5&nbsp;resonance]
</ref>
 
<ref name="hst1">
{{cite web
| title = Hubble Finds 'Tenth Planet' Slightly Larger Than Pluto
| date = April 11, 2006
| publisher = NASA
| url = http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/hubble/hst_xena_20060410.html
| accessdate = August 29, 2008
}}
</ref>
 
<ref name="spitzer">
{{cite arXiv
|author1=John Stansberry |author2=Will Grundy |author3=Mike Brown |author4=John Spencer |author5=David Trilling |author6=Dale Cruikshank |author7=Jean-Luc Margot | date = 2007
| title = Physical Properties of Kuiper Belt and Centaur Objects: Constraints from Spitzer Space Telescope
| class = astro-ph
| eprint = astro-ph/0702538
}}
</ref>
 
<ref name="Bertoldi2006">
{{cite web
| title = Comment on the recent Hubble Space Telescope size measurement of 2003 UB313 by Brown et al.
| url = http://www.astro.uni-bonn.de/~bertoldi/ub313/
| work = Max Planck Institute
| date = 2006
| accessdate = May 3, 2007
}}
</ref>
 
<ref name="Brown-2003-UB313">
{{cite journal
| title = Direct measurement of the size of 2003 UB313 from the Hubble Space Telescope
| author = [[Michael E. Brown|M. E. Brown]], E.L. Schaller, H.G. Roe, [[David L. Rabinowitz|D. L. Rabinowitz]], [[Chadwick A. Trujillo|C. A. Trujillo]]
| journal = The Astrophysical Journal
| date = 2006
| volume =643
| issue = 2
| pages = L61–L63
| doi = 10.1086/504843
| url = http://www.gps.caltech.edu/~mbrown/papers/ps/xsize.pdf
| format = PDF
| bibcode = 2006ApJ...643L..61B
| arxiv = astro-ph/0604245
}}
</ref>
 
<ref name="Brown-planetlila-moon">
{{cite web
| last = Brown
| first = Mike
| date = 2007
| title = Dysnomia, the moon of Eris
| work = CalTech
| url = http://www.gps.caltech.edu/~mbrown/planetlila/moon/index.html
| accessdate = June 14, 2007
}}
</ref>
 
<ref name="gemini.edu.tenth">
{{cite web
| title = Gemini Observatory Shows That "10th Planet" Has a Pluto-Like Surface
| url = http://www.gemini.edu/index.php?option=content&task=view&id=142
| work = Gemini Observatory
| date = 2005
| accessdate = May 3, 2007
}}
</ref>
 
<ref name="Brown-AJ2005-635">
{{cite journal
| title = Discovery of a Planetary-sized Object in the Scattered Kuiper Belt
| author = [[Michael E. Brown|M. E. Brown]], [[Chadwick A. Trujillo|C. A. Trujillo]], [[David L. Rabinowitz|D. L. Rabinowitz]]
| journal = The Astrophysical Journal
| date = 2005
| volume = 635
| issue = 1
| pages = L97–L100
| doi = 10.1086/499336
| arxiv = astro-ph/0508633
| bibcode = 2005ApJ...635L..97B
}}
</ref>
 
<ref name="Licandro-AA2006-458">
{{cite journal
| title = Visible spectroscopy of {{mp|2003 UB|313}}: evidence for N<sub>2</sub> ice on the surface of the largest TNO
|author1=J. Licandro |author2=W. M. Grundy |author3=N. Pinilla-Alonso |author4=P. Leisy | journal = Astronomy and Astrophysics
| date = 2006
| volume = 458
| issue = 1
| pages = L5–L8
| doi = 10.1051/0004-6361:20066028
| url = http://www.aanda.org/articles/aa/pdf/2006/40/aa6028-06.pdf
| bibcode = 2006A&A...458L...5L
| arxiv = astro-ph/0608044
}}
</ref>
 
<ref name="Brown Van Dam et al. 2006">
{{cite journal| doi = 10.1086/501524| last1 = Brown| first1 = M. E.| authorlink = Michael E. Brown| last2 = Van Dam| first2 = M. A.| last3 = Bouchez| first3 = A. H.| last4 = Le Mignant| first4 = D.| last5 = Campbell| first5 = R. D.| last6 = Chin| first6 = J. C. Y.| last7 = Conrad| first7 = A.| last8 = Hartman| first8 = S. K.| last9 = Johansson| first9 = E. M.| last10 = Lafon| first10 = R. E.| last11 = Rabinowitz| first11 = D. L. Rabinowitz| last12 = Stomski| first12 = P. J., Jr.| last13 = Summers| first13 = D. M.| last14 = Trujillo| first14 = C. A.| last15 = Wizinowich| first15 = P. L.| year = 2006| title = Satellites of the Largest Kuiper Belt Objects| journal = The Astrophysical Journal| volume = 639| issue = 1| pages = L43–L46| pmid = | pmc = | arxiv = astro-ph/0510029| bibcode = 2006ApJ...639L..43B| url = http://web.gps.caltech.edu/~mbrown/papers/ps/gab.pdf| format = PDF| accessdate = 2011-10-19| ref = {{sfnRef|Brown Van Dam et al.|2006}}
}} <!-- {{sfn|Brown Van Dam et al.|2006}} -->
</ref>
 
<ref name="Tytell-ST2006">
{{cite web
| last = Tytell
| first = David
| date = 2006
| title = All Hail Eris and Dysnomia
| work = Sky and Telescope
| url = http://www.skyandtelescope.com/astronomy-news/all-hail-eris-and-dysnomia/
| accessdate = January 5, 2010
}}
</ref>
 
<ref name="dic.ref.com-eris">
{{cite web
| title = Define Eris
| work = Dictionary.com
| publisher = Random House
| url = http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/eris
| accessdate = October 4, 2012
}}
</ref>
 
<ref name="pluggd.tv-2007">
{{cite web
| title = Julia Sweeney and Michael E. Brown
| work = Hammer Conversations: KCET podcast
| url = http://www.pluggd.tv/audio/channels/kcet_podcast__hammer_conversations/episodes/2h10l
| date = 2007
| accessdate = October 1, 2008
| archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20081006182705/http://www.pluggd.tv/audio/channels/kcet_podcast__hammer_conversations/episodes/2h10l <!--Added by H3llBot-->
| archivedate = October 6, 2008
}}
</ref>
 
<ref name="BBC2007-dog-girl">
{{cite news
| title = The girl who named a planet
| work = BBC News
| date = January 13, 2006
| url = http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/sci/tech/4596246.stm
| accessdate = June 21, 2007
}}
</ref>
 
<ref name="Brown-AJ2004-127">
{{cite journal
| title = Direct Measurement of the Size of the Large Kuiper Belt Object (50000) Quaoar
| author = [[Michael E. Brown|M. E. Brown]] and [[Chadwick A. Trujillo|C. A. Trujillo]]
| journal = The Astronomical Journal
| date = 2004
| volume = 127
| issue = 7076
| pages = 2413–2417
| doi = 10.1086/382513
| url = http://www.gps.caltech.edu/~mbrown/papers/ps/qu.pdf
| format = PDF
| bibcode = 2004AJ....127.2413B
}} Describing in detail the method applied to the recent measure of {{mp|2003 UB|313}}.
</ref>
 
<ref name="AstDys-Sedna">
{{cite web
| title = AstDys (90377) Sedna Ephemerides
| publisher = Department of Mathematics, University of Pisa, Italy
| url = http://hamilton.dm.unipi.it/astdys/index.php?pc=1.1.3.0&n=Sedna
| accessdate = February 28, 2016
}}
</ref>
 
<ref name="Horizons2076">
{{cite web|url=http://home.surewest.net/kheider/astro/Sedna2076.txt |title=Horizons Output for Sedna 2076/2114 |author=[[JPL Horizons On-Line Ephemeris System]] |date=July 18, 2010 |accessdate=July 18, 2010 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120225015100/http://home.surewest.net/kheider/astro/Sedna2076.txt |archivedate=February 25, 2012 }} [http://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/horizons.cgi?find_body=1&body_group=sb&sstr=Sedna Horizons]
</ref>
 
<ref name="NBC2015-Pluto-n391321">
{{cite web
| url = http://www.nbcnews.com/science/space/new-horizons-probe-finds-out-plutos-bigger-icier-we-thought-n391321
| title = New Horizons Probe Finds Out Pluto's Bigger (and Icier) Than We Thought
| author = [[NBC News]]
| date = July 13, 2015
| accessdate = July 13, 2015
}}
</ref>
 
<ref name=McGranaghan>{{cite journal|author1=McGranaghan, R. |author2=Sagan, B. |author3=Dove, G. |author4=Tullos, A. |author5=Lyne, J. E. |author6=Emery, J. P. |date=2011|title=A Survey of Mission Opportunities to Trans-Neptunian Objects|journal= Journal of the British Interplanetary Society|volume=64|pages=296–303|bibcode=2011JBIS...64..296M}}</ref>
 
}}
 
* Brown M.E., Trujillo C.A., Rabinowitz D.L. (2005), ''Discovery of a planetary-sized object in the scattered Kuiper belt'', Astrophysical Journal Letters, submitted
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