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Khác biệt giữa bản sửa đổi của “Gai (cây)”

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Dòng 25:
Harvesting is done just before or soon after the beginning of flowering. It is done at this time because at this stage there is a decline in plant growth and the maximum fiber content is achieved.<ref name="swicofil"/> Stems are harvested by either cutting just above the lateral roots or else bending the stem. This will enable the core to be broken and the [[Cortex (botany)|cortex]] can be stripped from the plant in situ.<ref name="swicofil"/>
 
After harvesting, stems are decorticated while the plants are fresh. If this is not done while the plants are still fresh the plants will dry out and the bark will be hard to remove. The bark ribbon is then dried as quickly as possible. This will prevent [[bacteria]] andvà [[fungi]] from attacking it.<ref name="swicofil"/>
 
The dry weight of harvested stem from crops ranges from 3.4 to 4.5 t/ha/year, so a 4.5 ton crop yields 1,600 kg/ha/year of dry non-de-gummed fiber. The weight loss during de-gumming can be up to 25% giving a yield of de-gummed fiber of about 1,200 kg/ha/year.<ref name="swicofil"/>
Dòng 32:
 
==History==
Ramie has been around for so long that it was even used in [[mummy]] cloths in [[EgyptAi Cập]] during the period 5000–3300 BC and has been grown in China for many centuries. In the study of the "Lazarus" mummy, three types of textiles were found. The outermost cloth was heavy and coarsely woven; the innermost was the lightest and most tightly woven. The outer cloth appeared to be ramie (which Wiseman notes "contains non-fibrous material that is toxic to bacteria and fungi"—in other words, an ideal textile for mummymaking). Farmers in ancient China are also known to have used the fiber to weave clothing.
 
Ramie was used to produce an open weave fabric called mechera, used for shirts and dressing gowns suitable for warm climates. The French painter [[Raoul Dufy]] designed in the early 20th century patterns for prints on mechera used by the French shirtmaker [[Place Vendôme|Charvet]].<ref>{{chú thích sách|title=Raoul Dufy créateur d'étoffes|publisher=Musée de l'impression sur étoffes de Mulhouse|location=Mulhouse|url=http://www.cs.arizona.edu/patterns/weaving/other/mlm_dufy.pdf|page=22|accessdate = ngày 13 tháng 1 năm 2010}}</ref>
Dòng 95:
==Producers==
 
[[ChinaTrung Quốc]] leads in the production of ramie and exports mainly to [[JapanNhật Bản]] andvà [[EuropeChâu Âu]]. Other producers include Japan, [[TaiwanĐài Loan]], the [[Philippines]], and [[Brazil]].<ref name="EBo">[http://www.britannica.com/ebc/article-9373279?query=ramie&ct= Britannica Online]</ref> Only a small percentage of the ramie produced is available on the international market. Japan, [[GermanyĐức]], [[FrancePháp]] and the [[UK]] are the main importers, the remaining supply is used domestically.<ref name="swicofil" />
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==Nguồn==
Dòng 109:
<!--{{Wikisource1911Enc Citation|Ramie}}-->
{{vi}}
*[http://www.duoclieu.orgxxxx/2014/10/gai-gai-lam-banh-gai-tuyet-boehmeria.html GAI: Boehmeria nivea (L.) Gaudich.; thuộc họ Gai (Urticaceae).]
* [http://botanyvn.com/cnt.asp?param=edir&v=Boehmeria%20nivea&list=species Cây gai trên botanyvn]
*[http://nongnghiep.vn/nongnghiepvn/72/5/90/90685/Vi-thuoc-tu-cay-gai.aspx Vị thuốc từ cây gai] dược sĩ Mỹ Nữ, Báo Nông nghiệp Việt Nam 24/02/2012, 9:38 (GMT+7)
*[http://www.duoclieu.orgxxxx/2011/12/gai-re-tru-ma-can-boehmeria-nivea.html GAI (Rễ) Radix Boehmeriae niveae Trữ ma căn]
*[http://www.microscopyu.com/galleries/phasecontrast/ramiefiberssmall.html Nikon MicroscopyU: Phase Contrasts Microscopy ]
*[http://ianrpubs.unl.edu/textiles/nf45.htm Nebraska Extension Office factsheet]
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