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Khác biệt giữa bản sửa đổi của “Protein”

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==Tham khảo==
{{tham khảo}}|colwidth=30em|refs=
<ref name=Bischoff1860>{{cite book |author=Bischoff TLW, Voit, C |title=Die Gesetze der Ernaehrung des Pflanzenfressers durch neue Untersuchungen festgestellt |location=Leipzig, Heidelberg |year=1860 |language=German}}</ref>
 
<ref name=BrosnanJ>{{cite journal |author=Brosnan J |title=Interorgan amino acid transport and its regulation |url=http://jn.nutrition.org/cgi/content/full/133/6/2068S |journal=Journal of Nutrition |volume=133 |issue=6 Suppl 1 |pages=2068S–72S |pmid=12771367 |date=June 2003}}</ref>
 
<ref name=Bruckdorfer2004>{{cite journal |vauthors=Bruckdorfer T, Marder O, Albericio F |title=From production of peptides in milligram amounts for research to multi-tons quantities for drugs of the future |journal=Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology |volume=5 |issue=1 |pages=29–43 |year=2004 |pmid=14965208 |doi=10.2174/1389201043489620}}</ref>
 
<ref name=Cedrone2000>{{cite journal |vauthors=Cedrone F, Ménez A, Quéméneur E |title=Tailoring new enzyme functions by rational redesign |journal=Current Opinion in Structural Biology |volume=10 |issue=4 |pages=405–10 |year=2000 |pmid=10981626 |doi=10.1016/S0959-440X(00)00106-8}}</ref>
 
<ref name=Conrotto2008>{{cite journal |vauthors=Conrotto P, Souchelnytskyi S |title=Proteomic approaches in biological and medical sciences: principles and applications |journal=Experimental Oncology |volume=30 |issue=3 |pages=171–80 |year=2008 |pmid=18806738}}</ref>
 
<ref name=Copland2009>{{cite journal |vauthors=Copland JA, Sheffield-Moore M, Koldzic-Zivanovic N, Gentry S, Lamprou G, Tzortzatou-Stathopoulou F, Zoumpourlis V, Urban RJ, Vlahopoulos SA |title=Sex steroid receptors in skeletal differentiation and epithelial neoplasia: is tissue-specific intervention possible? |journal=BioEssays |volume=31 |issue=6 |year=2009 |pages=629–41 |doi=10.1002/bies.200800138 |pmid=19382224}}</ref>
 
<ref name=EXPASY2000>{{cite journal|url=http://www.expasy.org/NAR/enz00.pdf |author=Bairoch A |year=2000 |title=The ENZYME database in 2000 |journal=Nucleic Acids Research |volume=28 |pages=304–305 |pmid=10592255 |doi=10.1093/nar/28.1.304 |issue=1 |pmc=102465 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110601003507/http://www.expasy.org/NAR/enz00.pdf |archivedate=June 1, 2011 }}</ref>
 
<ref name=Fernandez2003>{{cite journal |vauthors=Fernández A, Scott R |title=Dehydron: a structurally encoded signal for protein interaction |journal=Biophysical Journal |volume=85 |issue=3 |pages=1914–28 |year=2003 |pmid=12944304 |pmc=1303363 |doi=10.1016/S0006-3495(03)74619-0 |url=http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0006-3495(03)74619-0 |bibcode=2003BpJ....85.1914F}}</ref>
 
<ref name=Fulton1991>{{cite journal |vauthors=Fulton A, Isaacs W |title=Titin, a huge, elastic sarcomeric protein with a probable role in morphogenesis |journal=BioEssays |volume=13 |issue=4 |pages=157–61 |year=1991 |pmid=1859393 |doi=10.1002/bies.950130403}}</ref>
 
<ref name=Gonen2005>{{cite journal |vauthors=Gonen T, Cheng Y, Sliz P, Hiroaki Y, Fujiyoshi Y, Harrison SC, Walz T |title=Lipid-protein interactions in double-layered two-dimensional AQP0 crystals |journal=Nature |volume=438 |issue=7068 |pages=633–38 |year=2005 |pmid=16319884 |pmc=1350984 |doi=10.1038/nature04321|bibcode = 2005Natur.438..633G }}</ref>
 
<ref name=Gorg2008>{{cite journal |vauthors=Görg A, Weiss W, Dunn MJ |title=Current two-dimensional electrophoresis technology for proteomics |journal=Proteomics |volume=4 |issue=12 |pages=3665–85 |year=2004 |pmid=15543535 |doi=10.1002/pmic.200401031}}</ref>
 
<ref name=Gutteridge2005>{{cite journal |vauthors=Gutteridge A, Thornton JM |title=Understanding nature's catalytic toolkit |journal=Trends in Biochemical Sciences |volume=30 |issue=11 |pages=622–29 |year=2005 |pmid=16214343 |doi=10.1016/j.tibs.2005.09.006}}</ref>
 
<ref name=Herges2005>{{cite journal |vauthors=Herges T, Wenzel W |title=''In silico'' folding of a three helix protein and characterization of its free-energy landscape in an all-atom force field |journal=Physical Review Letters |volume=94 |issue=1 |page=018101 |year=2005 |pmid=15698135 |doi=10.1103/PhysRevLett.94.018101 |bibcode=2005PhRvL..94a8101H}}</ref>
 
<ref name=Hey2008>{{cite journal |vauthors=Hey J, Posch A, Cohen A, Liu N, Harbers A |title=Fractionation of complex protein mixtures by liquid-phase isoelectric focusing |journal=Methods in Molecular Biology |volume=424 |pages=225–39 |year=2008 |pmid=18369866 |doi=10.1007/978-1-60327-064-9_19 |series=Methods in Molecular Biology™ |isbn=978-1-58829-722-8}}</ref>
 
<ref name=Hoffman2006>{{cite journal |vauthors=Hoffmann M, Wanko M, Strodel P, König PH, Frauenheim T, Schulten K, Thiel W, Tajkhorshid E, Elstner M |title=Color tuning in rhodopsins: the mechanism for the spectral shift between bacteriorhodopsin and sensory rhodopsin II |journal=Journal of the American Chemical Society |volume=128 |issue=33 |pages=10808–18 |year=2006 |pmid=16910676 |doi=10.1021/ja062082i}}</ref>
 
<ref name=Hohsaka2002>{{cite journal |vauthors=Hohsaka T, Sisido M |title=Incorporation of non-natural amino acids into proteins |journal=Current Opinion in Chemical Biology |volume=6 |issue=6 |pages=809–15 |year=2002 |pmid=12470735 |doi=10.1016/S1367-5931(02)00376-9}}</ref>
 
<ref name=Joos2009>{{cite journal |vauthors=Joos T, Bachmann J |title=Protein microarrays: potentials and limitations |journal=Frontiers in Bioscience |volume=14 |pages=4376–85 |year=2009 |pmid=19273356 |doi=10.2741/3534 |url=http://www.bioscience.org/2009/v14/af/3534/fulltext.htm |issue=14}}</ref>
 
<ref name=Kalman1955>{{cite journal |vauthors=Kalman SM, Linderstrom-Lang K, Ottesen M, Richards FM |title=Degradation of ribonuclease by subtilisin |journal=Biochimica et Biophysica Acta |volume=16 |issue=2 |pages=297–99 |year=1955 |pmid=14363272 |doi=10.1016/0006-3002(55)90224-9}}</ref>
 
<ref name=Kauzmann1956>{{cite journal |author=Kauzmann W |title=Structural factors in protein denaturation |journal=Journal of Cellular Physiology. Supplement |volume=47 |issue=Suppl 1 |pages=113–31 |year=1956 |pmid=13332017 |doi=10.1002/jcp.1030470410}}</ref>
 
<ref name=Kauzmann1959>{{cite journal |author=Kauzmann W |title=Some factors in the interpretation of protein denaturation |journal=Advances in Protein Chemistry |volume=14 |pages=1–63 |year=1959 |pmid=14404936 |doi= 10.1016/S0065-3233(08)60608-7 |series=Advances in Protein Chemistry |isbn=978-0-12-034214-3}}</ref>
 
<ref name=Kendrew1958>{{cite journal |vauthors=Kendrew J, Bodo G, Dintzis H, Parrish R, Wyckoff H, Phillips D |title=A three-dimensional model of the myoglobin molecule obtained by X-ray analysis |journal=Nature |volume=181 |issue=4610 |pages=662–66 |year=1958 |pmid=13517261 |doi=10.1038/181662a0 |bibcode=1958Natur.181..662K}}</ref>
 
<ref name=Kent2009>{{cite journal |author=Kent SB |title=Total chemical synthesis of proteins |journal=Chemical Society Reviews |volume=38 |issue=2 |pages=338–51 |year=2009 |pmid=19169452 |doi=10.1039/b700141j}}</ref>
 
<ref name=Keskin2008>{{cite journal |vauthors=Keskin O, Tuncbag N, Gursoy A |title=Characterization and prediction of protein interfaces to infer protein-protein interaction networks |journal=Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology |volume=9 |issue=2 |pages=67–76 |year=2008 |pmid=18393863 |doi=10.2174/138920108783955191}}</ref>
 
<ref name=Koegl2007>{{cite journal |vauthors=Koegl M, Uetz P |title=Improving yeast two-hybrid screening systems |journal=Briefings in Functional Genomics & Proteomics |volume=6 |issue=4 |pages=302–12 |year=2007 |pmid=18218650 |doi=10.1093/bfgp/elm035 |url=http://bfgp.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=18218650}}</ref>
 
<ref name=Kuhlman2003>{{cite journal |vauthors=Kuhlman B, Dantas G, Ireton GC, Varani G, Stoddard BL, Baker D |title=Design of a novel globular protein fold with atomic-level accuracy |journal=Science |volume=302 |issue=5649 |pages=1364–68 |year=2003 |pmid=14631033 |doi=10.1126/science.1089427 |url=http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=14631033 |bibcode=2003Sci...302.1364K}}</ref>
 
<ref name="Lecture 1958">{{citation |author=Sanger F. |year=1958 |title=Nobel lecture: The chemistry of insulin |publisher=Nobelprize.org |url=http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1958/sanger-lecture.pdf}}</ref>
 
<ref name=Lodish2004>{{cite book |vauthors=Lodish H, Berk A, Matsudaira P, Kaiser CA, Krieger M, Scott MP, Zipurksy SL, Darnell J |year=2004 |title=Molecular Cell Biology |edition=5th |publisher=WH Freeman and Company |location=New York, New York}}</ref>
 
<ref name=Margolin2000>{{cite journal |author=Margolin W|title=Green fluorescent protein as a reporter for macromolecular localization in bacterial cells |journal=Methods (San Diego, Calif.) |volume=20 |issue=1 |pages=62–72 |year=2000 |pmid=10610805 |doi=10.1006/meth.1999.0906 |url=http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1046-2023(99)90906-4}}</ref>
 
<ref name=Mayhew2008>{{cite journal |vauthors=Mayhew TM, Lucocq JM |title=Developments in cell biology for quantitative immunoelectron microscopy based on thin sections: a review |journal=Histochemistry and Cell Biology |volume=130 |issue=2 |pages=299–313 |year=2008 |pmid=18553098 |pmc=2491712 |doi=10.1007/s00418-008-0451-6}}</ref>
 
<ref name=Muirhead1963>{{cite journal |vauthors=Muirhead H, Perutz M |title=Structure of hemoglobin. A three-dimensional fourier synthesis of reduced human hemoglobin at 5.5 Å resolution |journal=Nature |volume=199 |issue=4894 |pages=633–38 |year=1963 |pmid=14074546 |doi=10.1038/199633a0|bibcode = 1963Natur.199..633M }}</ref>
 
<ref name=Nelson2005>{{cite book |vauthors=Nelson DL, Cox MM |year=2005 |title=Lehninger's Principles of Biochemistry |edition=4th |publisher=W. H. Freeman and Company |location=New York, New York}}</ref>
 
<ref name=Pain2000>{{cite book |editor=Pain RH |author=Dobson CM |title=Mechanisms of Protein Folding |chapter=The nature and significance of protein folding |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=Oxford, Oxfordshire |year=2000 |pages=1–28 |isbn=0-19-963789-X}}</ref>
 
<ref name=Pauling1951>{{cite journal |vauthors=Pauling L, Corey RB, Branson HR |year=1951 |title=The structure of proteins: two hydrogen-bonded helical configurations of the polypeptide chain |journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America |volume=37 |issue=5 |pages=235–40 |url=http://www.pnas.org/site/misc/Protein8.pdf |format=PDF |doi=10.1073/pnas.37.5.235 |pmc=1063348 |pmid=14834145 |bibcode=1951PNAS...37..235P}}</ref>
 
<ref name=Perrett2007>{{cite journal |author=Perrett D |year=2007 |title=From 'protein' to the beginnings of clinical proteomics |journal=Proteomics: Clinical Applications |pmid=21136729 |volume=1 |issue=8 |pages=720–38 |doi=10.1002/prca.200700525}}</ref>
 
<ref name="Pickel 2013">{{cite journal |vauthors=Pickel B, Schaller A |title=Dirigent proteins: molecular characteristics and potential biotechnological applications |journal=Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology |year=2013 |volume=97 |issue=19 |pages=8427–8438 |pmid=23989917 |doi=10.1007/s00253-013-5167-4}}</ref>
 
<ref name=Plewczynski2009>{{cite journal |vauthors=Plewczyński D, Ginalski K |title=The interactome: predicting the protein–protein interactions in cells |journal=Cellular & Molecular Biology Letters |volume=14 |issue=1 |pages=1–22 |year=2009 |pmid=18839074 |doi=10.2478/s11658-008-0024-7}}</ref>
 
<ref name=Radzicka1995>{{cite journal |vauthors=Radzicka A, Wolfenden R |year=1995 |title=A proficient enzyme |journal=Science |volume=267 |issue=5194 |pages=90–93| pmid=7809611 |doi=10.1126/science.7809611|bibcode = 1995Sci...267...90R }}</ref>
 
<ref name=Reynolds2003>{{cite book |vauthors=Reynolds JA, Tanford C |title=Nature's Robots: A History of Proteins (Oxford Paperbacks) |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=New York, New York |year=2003 |page=15 |isbn=0-19-860694-X}}</ref>
 
<ref name=Ritchie2008>{{cite journal |author=Ritchie DW |title=Recent progress and future directions in protein–protein docking |journal=Current Protein and Peptide Science |volume=9 |issue=1 |pages=1–15 |year=2008 |pmid=18336319 |doi=10.2174/138920308783565741}}</ref>
 
<ref name=Rudiger2000>{{cite journal |vauthors=Rüdiger H, Siebert HC, Solís D, Jiménez-Barbero J, Romero A, von der Lieth CW, Diaz-Mariño T, Gabius HJ |title=Medicinal chemistry based on the sugar code: fundamentals of lectinology and experimental strategies with lectins as targets |journal=Current Medicinal Chemistry |volume=7 |issue=4 |pages=389–416 |year=2000 |pmid=10702616 |doi=10.2174/0929867003375164}}</ref>
 
<ref name=Samarin2009>{{cite journal |pmid=19273120 |vauthors=Samarin S, Nusrat A |title=Regulation of epithelial apical junctional complex by Rho family GTPases |journal=Frontiers in Bioscience |volume=14 |year=2009 |pages=1129–42 |doi=10.2741/3298 |issue=14}}</ref>
 
<ref name=Sanger1949>{{cite journal |author=Sanger F |title=The terminal peptides of insulin |journal=Biochemical Journal |volume=45 |issue=5 |pages=563–74 |year=1949 |pmid=15396627 |pmc=1275055}}</ref>
 
<ref name=Sankaranarayanan2001>{{cite journal |vauthors=Sankaranarayanan R, Moras D |title=The fidelity of the translation of the genetic code |journal=Acta Biochimica Polonica |volume=48 |issue=2 |pages=323–35 |year=2001 |pmid=11732604}}</ref>
 
<ref name=Scheraga2007>{{cite journal |vauthors=Scheraga HA, Khalili M, Liwo A |title=Protein-folding dynamics: overview of molecular simulation techniques |journal=Annual Review of Physical Chemistry |volume=58 |pages=57–83 |year=2007 |pmid=17034338 |doi=10.1146/annurev.physchem.58.032806.104614|bibcode = 2007ARPC...58...57S }}</ref>
 
<ref name=Schwarzer2005>{{cite journal |vauthors=Schwarzer D, Cole P |title=Protein semisynthesis and expressed protein ligation: chasing a protein's tail |journal=Current Opinion in Chemical Biology |volume=9 |issue=6 |pages=561–69 |year=2005 |pmid=16226484 |doi=10.1016/j.cbpa.2005.09.018}}</ref>
 
<ref name=Sleator2012>{{cite journal |author=Sleator RD. |title=Prediction of protein functions |journal=Methods in Molecular Biology |year=2012 |volume=815 |pages=15–24 |doi=10.1007/978-1-61779-424-7_2 |series=Methods in Molecular Biology |isbn=978-1-61779-423-0 |pmid=22130980}}</ref>
 
<ref name=Standley2008>{{cite journal |vauthors=Standley DM, Kinjo AR, Kinoshita K, Nakamura H |title=Protein structure databases with new web services for structural biology and biomedical research |journal=Briefings in Bioinformatics |volume=9 |issue=4 |pages=276–85 |year=2008 |pmid=18430752 |doi=10.1093/bib/bbn015 |url=http://bib.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=18430752}}</ref>
 
<ref name=Stepanenko2008>{{cite journal |vauthors=Stepanenko OV, Verkhusha VV, Kuznetsova IM, Uversky VN, Turoverov KK |title=Fluorescent proteins as biomarkers and biosensors: throwing color lights on molecular and cellular processes |journal=Current Protein & Peptide Science |volume=9 |issue=4 |pages=338–69 |year=2008 |pmid=18691124 |pmc=2904242 |doi=10.2174/138920308785132668}}</ref>
 
<ref name=Sumner1926>{{cite journal |author=Sumner JB |title=The isolation and crystallization of the enzyme urease. Preliminary paper |url=http://www.jbc.org/content/69/2/435.full.pdf+html |journal=Journal of Biological Chemistry |volume=69 |pages=435–41 |year=1926 |format=PDF |issue=2}}</ref>
 
<ref name=Terpe2003>{{cite journal |author=Terpe K |title=Overview of tag protein fusions: from molecular and biochemical fundamentals to commercial systems |journal=Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology |volume=60 |issue=5 |pages=523–33 |year=2003 |pmid=12536251 |doi=10.1007/s00253-002-1158-6}}</ref>
 
<ref name="urlEBI">{{cite web |author=EBI External Services |url=http://www.ebi.ac.uk/thornton-srv/databases/CSA/ |title=The Catalytic Site Atlas at The European Bioinformatics Institute |publisher=Ebi.ac.uk |date=2010-01-20 |accessdate=2011-01-16}}</ref>
 
<ref name="urlRCSB Protein Data Bank">{{cite web |url=http://www.rcsb.org/pdb/home/home.do |title=RCSB Protein Data Bank|accessdate=2014-04-05}}</ref>
 
<ref name=Walian2004>{{cite journal |vauthors=Walian P, Cross TA, Jap BK |title=Structural genomics of membrane proteins |journal=Genome Biology |volume=5 |issue=4 |page=215 |year=2004 |pmid=15059248 |pmc=395774 |doi=10.1186/gb-2004-5-4-215 |url=http://genomebiology.com/2004/5/4/215}}</ref>
 
<ref name=Walker2000>{{cite book |vauthors=Walker JH, Wilson K |title=Principles and Techniques of Practical Biochemistry |publisher=Cambridge University Press |location=Cambridge, UK |year=2000 |pages=287–89 |isbn=0-521-65873-X}}</ref>
 
<ref name=Xiang2006>{{cite journal |author=Xiang Z|title=Advances in homology protein structure modeling |journal=Current Protein and Peptide Science |volume=7 |issue=3 |pages=217–27 |year=2006 |pmid=16787261 |pmc=1839925 |doi=10.2174/138920306777452312}}</ref>
 
<ref name=Yuste2005>{{cite journal |author=Yuste R |title=Fluorescence microscopy today |journal=Nature Methods |volume=2 |issue=12 |pages=902–904 |year=2005 |pmid=16299474 |doi=10.1038/nmeth1205-902}}</ref>
 
<ref name=Zagrovic2002>{{cite journal |vauthors=Zagrovic B, Snow CD, Shirts MR, Pande VS |title=Simulation of folding of a small alpha-helical protein in atomistic detail using worldwide-distributed computing |journal=Journal of Molecular Biology |volume=323 |issue=5 |pages=927–37 |year=2002 |pmid=12417204 |doi=10.1016/S0022-2836(02)00997-X}}</ref>
 
<ref name=Zhang2003>{{cite journal |vauthors=Zhang C, Kim SH |title=Overview of structural genomics: from structure to function |journal=Current Opinion in Chemical Biology |volume=7 |issue=1 |pages=28–32 |year=2003 |pmid=12547423 |doi=10.1016/S1367-5931(02)00015-7}}</ref>
 
<ref name=Zhang2005>{{cite journal |vauthors=Zhang Y, Skolnick J |title=The protein structure prediction problem could be solved using the current PDB library |journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America |volume=102 |issue=4 |pages=1029–34 |year=2005 |pmid=15653774 |pmc=545829 |doi=10.1073/pnas.0407152101 |url=http://www.pnas.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=15653774|bibcode = 2005PNAS..102.1029Z }}</ref>
 
<ref name=Zhang2008>{{cite journal |author=Zhang Y |title=Progress and challenges in protein structure prediction |journal=Current Opinion in Structural Biology |volume=18 |issue=3 |pages=342–48 |year=2008 |doi=10.1016/j.sbi.2008.02.004 |pmid=18436442 |pmc=2680823}}</ref>
 
<ref name=Zhou2008>{{cite journal |author=Zhou ZH |title=Towards atomic resolution structural determination by single-particle cryo-electron microscopy |journal=Current Opinion in Structural Biology |volume=18 |issue=2 |pages=218–28 |year=2008 |pmid=18403197 |doi=10.1016/j.sbi.2008.03.004 |pmc=2714865}}</ref>
 
}}
 
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