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==Bảng tuần hoàn==
{{chính|Lịch sử bảng tuần hoàn}}
[[Tập tin:ДмитрийMendeleev ИвановичPhotographische МенделеевGesellschaft 43.gifjpg|nhỏ|200px|trái|[[Dmitri Ivanovich Mendeleev|Dmitri Mendeleev]], responsible for the [[periodic table]].]]
 
For many decades, the list of known chemical elements had been [[List of chemical elements by their discovery#19th century|steadily increasing]]. A great breakthrough in making sense of this long list (as well as in understanding the internal structure of atoms as discussed below) was [[Dmitri Ivanovich Mendeleev|Dmitri Mendeleev]] và [[Lothar Meyer]]'s development of the [[periodic table]], and particularly Mendeleev's use of it to predict the existence and the properties of [[gecmani|germanium]], [[gali|gallium]], and [[scandium]], which Mendeleev called [[Mendeleev's predicted elements|ekasilicon, ekaaluminium, and ekaboron]] respectively. Mendeleev made his prediction in 1870; gallium was discovered in 1875, and was found to have roughly the same properties that Mendeleev predicted for it.{{Fact|date=tháng 8 năm 2007}}