Khác biệt giữa bản sửa đổi của “Sao Diêm Vương”
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Không có tóm lược sửa đổi Thẻ: Trình soạn thảo mã nguồn 2017 |
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Dòng 1:
{{
| name = Pluto
| symbol = [[File:Pluto's astrological symbol.svg|25px|1st Astronomical symbol for Pluto]][[File:Pluto symbol.svg|25px|2nd Astronomical symbol for Pluto]]
| image = [[File:Nh-pluto-in-true-color 2x JPEG-edit-frame.jpg|280px]]
| caption = Sao Diêm Vương với màu gần đúng, chụp bởi ''[[New Horizons]]''{{efn|name = caption|This is a [[Digital compositing|composite]] of four near-true color photographs taken by the ''[[New Horizons]]'' spacecraft on July 14, 2015 from a distance of {{convert|450,000|mi|km|disp=flip|abbr=on}}. The most prominent feature in the image, the bright, youthful plains of [[Tombaugh Regio]] and [[Sputnik Planitia]], can be seen at lower right. It contrasts the darker, more cratered terrain of [[Cthulhu Regio]] at lower left. Because of Pluto's 119.591° tilt at its axis, the southern hemisphere is barely visible in this image; the [[equator]] runs through Cthulhu and the southern parts of Sputnik Planitia.}}
| discovery = yes
| discoverer = [[Clyde Tombaugh|Clyde W. Tombaugh]]
| discovered = 18 tháng 2, 1930
| mpc_name = '''134340 Pluto'''
| named_after = [[Pluto (thần thoại)|Pluto]]
| mp_category =
{{plainlist |
* [[Hành tinh lùn]]
* [[Thiên thể bên ngoài Sao Hải Vương]]
* [[Plutoid]]
* [[Vành đai Kuiper]]
* [[Plutino]]
}}
| orbit_ref =<ref name="TOP2013" />{{efn|name = MeanElements|The mean elements here are from the Theory of the Outer Planets (TOP2013) solution by the Institut de mécanique céleste et de calcul des éphémérides (IMCCE). They refer to the standard equinox J2000, the barycenter of the Solar System, and the epoch J2000.}}
| epoch = [[J2000]]
| aphelion =
{{plainlist |
* {{val|49.305|ul=AU}}
* ({{nowrap|{{val|fmt=commas|7375.93|u=Gm}}}})
* tháng 2, 2114
}}
| perihelion =
{{plainlist |
* {{val|29.658|u=AU}}
* ({{nowrap|{{val|fmt=commas|4436.82|u=Gm}}}})<ref name="Pluto Fact Sheet" />
* (5 tháng 9, 1989)<ref name="jpl-ssd-horizons" />
}}
| semimajor =
{{plainlist |
* {{val|39.48|u=AU}}
* ({{nowrap|{{val|fmt=commas|5906.38|u=Gm}}}})
}}
| eccentricity = {{val|0.2488}}
| inclination =
{{plainlist |
* {{val|17.16|u=°}}
* (11.88° so với Mặt Trời)
}}
| asc_node = {{val|110.299|u=°}}
| arg_peri = {{val|113.834|u=°}}
| period =
{{plainlist |
* {{val|248.00}} [[Năm Julius (thiên văn)|năm]]<ref name="Pluto Fact Sheet" />
* {{nowrap|{{val|fmt=commas|90560|u=ngày}}}}<ref name="Pluto Fact Sheet" />
<!-- * {{nowrap|{{val|fmt=commas|14164.4}}}} Plutonian [[solar day]]s<ref name="planet_years" /> -->
}}
| synodic_period = 366.73 ngày<ref name="Pluto Fact Sheet" />
| avg_speed = 4.67 km/s<ref name="Pluto Fact Sheet" />
| mean_anomaly = {{val|14.53|u=[[Độ (góc)|độ]]}}
| satellites = [[Vệ tinh tự nhiên của Sao Diêm Vương|5]]
| physical_characteristics = yes
| mean_radius =
{{plainlist |
* {{nowrap|{{val|fmt=commas|1189.9|0.2|u=km}}}}<ref name="Hinson2017">{{cite journal |last1=Hinson |first1=D. P. |displayauthors=etal |title=Radio occultation measurements of Pluto’s neutral atmosphere with New Horizons |url=http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S001910351630803X |journal=Icarus |date=2017 |volume=290 |pages=96-111 |doi=10.1016/j.icarus.2017.02.031}}</ref>
* 0.1868 [[Bán kính Trái Đất|Trái Đất]] }}
| surface_area =
{{plainlist |
* {{val|1.779|e=7|u=km2}}{{efn|name=Bề mặt}}
* 0.035 Trái Đất
}}
| volume =
{{plainlist |
* {{val|7.057|0.004|e=9|u=km3}}{{efn|name=Thể tích}}
* {{val|0.00651|u=Trái Đất}}
}}
| mass =
{{plainlist |
* {{val|1.303|0.003|e = 22|u=kg}}<ref name="Stern2015">{{cite journal |last1=Stern |first1=S. A. |displayauthors=etal |title=The Pluto system: Initial results from its exploration by New Horizons |url=http://science.sciencemag.org/content/350/6258/aad1815 |journal=Science |date=2015 |volume=350 |issue=6258 |pages=249–352 |doi=10.1126/science.aad1815 |bibcode=2015Sci...350.1815S |pmid=26472913 |arxiv=1510.07704}}</ref><!-- Calculated from GM=869.6 ± 1.8 km3 s–2 -->
* {{val|0.00218|u=[[Khối lượng Trái Đất|Trái Đất]]|fmt=none}}
* 0.177 [[Khối lượng Mặt Trăng|Mặt Trăng]]
}}
| density = {{val|1.860|0.013|u=g/cm3}}<ref name="Stern2015" />
| surface_grav =
{{plainlist |
* {{val|0.620|}} [[Gia tốc|m/s<sup>2</sup>]]{{efn|name = Surface gravity}}
* 0.063 [[Lực G|g]]
}}
| escape_velocity = {{val|1.212}} km/s{{efn|name = Escape velocity}}
| sidereal_day =
{{plainlist |
* {{val|6.387230|u=ngày}}
* 6 d, 9 h, 17 m, 36 s
}}
| rot_velocity = 47.18 km/h
| axial_tilt = {{val|122.53|u=°}} (to orbit)<ref name="Pluto Fact Sheet" />
| right_asc_north_pole = 132.993°<ref name="Archinal" />
| declination = −6.163°<ref name="Archinal" />
| albedo = 0.49 tới 0.66 ([[Geometric albedo|geometric]], varies by 35%)<ref name="Pluto Fact Sheet" /><ref name="Hamilton" />
| magnitude = 13.65<ref name="Pluto Fact Sheet" /> tới 16.3<ref name="AstDys-Pluto" /> <br /> (trung bình là 15.1)<ref name="Pluto Fact Sheet" />
| abs_magnitude = −0.7<ref name="jpldata" />
| angular_size = 0.06″ tới 0.11″<ref name="Pluto Fact Sheet" />{{efn|name = Angular size}}
| pronounced = {{IPAc-en|audio=en-us-Pluto.ogg|ˈ|p|l|uː|t|oʊ}}
| adjectives = Plutonian
| atmosphere = yes
| temperatures = yes
| temp_name1 = [[Kelvin]]
| min_temp_1 = 33 K
| mean_temp_1 = 44 K (−229 °C)
| max_temp_1 = 55 K
| surface_pressure = 1.0 [[pascal (đơn vị)|Pa]] (2015)<ref name=Stern2015/><ref>{{cite news |last=Amos |first=Jonathan |url=http://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-33657447 |title=New Horizons: Pluto may have 'nitrogen glaciers' |work=BBC News |date=July 23, 2015 |accessdate=July 26, 2015 |quote=It could tell from the passage of sunlight and radiowaves through the Plutonian "air" that the pressure was only about 10 microbars at the surface }}</ref>
| atmosphere_composition = [[Nitrogen]], [[methane]], [[carbon monoxide]]<ref name="Physorg April 19, 2011" />
| note = no
| scale_height =
| flattening = <1%<ref name="Stern2015" />
}}
{{Về|hành tinh lùn Diêm Vương|Nhân vật thần thoại|Diêm vương}}
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