Khác biệt giữa bản sửa đổi của “Mayotte”
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Image:Tortue N'Gouja.jpg|<center>Rùa biển xanh (''[[Chelonia mydas]]'') tại N'Gouja.</center>
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== Lịch sử ==
[[File:Tsingoni minaret.jpg|thumb|Tsingoni's mosque is the oldest in activity in [[France]].]]
{{for|the history of Mayotte before 1974|History of the Comoros}}
In 1500, the Maore or Mawuti (contraction of the Arabic جزيرة الموت Jazīrat al-Mawt – meaning island of death and corrupted to Mayotte in French) [[sultanate]] was established on the island. In 1503, Mayotte was observed by Portuguese explorers, but not colonized.
In 1832, Mayotte was conquered by Andriantsoly, former king of [[Boina Kingdom|Iboina]] on [[Madagascar]]; in 1833, it was conquered by the neighbouring sultanate of [[Mwali]] (Mohéli island in French). On 19 November 1835, Mayotte was again conquered by the [[Ndzuwani]] Sultanate ([[Anjouan]] sultanate in French); a governor was installed with the unusual Islamic style of [[Qadi]] (from the Arabic قاض which means judge). However, in 1836 it regained its independence under a last local Sultan.
Mayotte was purchased by France in 1841. It was the only island in the archipelago that voted in referendums in [[Comorian independence referendum, 1974|1974]] and [[Mahoran Comoros referendum, 1976|1976]] to retain its link with France and forgo independence (with 63.8% and 99.4% of votes respectively). The [[Comoros]] continue to claim the island. A draft 1976 [[United Nations Security Council]] resolution recognizing Comorian sovereignty over Mayotte, supported by 11 of the 15 members of the Council, was vetoed by France.<ref>{{cite news|title=France Cast UN Veto|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=8O0NAAAAIBAJ&sjid=hG0DAAAAIBAJ&pg=6434,579759&dq=france+mayotte+veto&hl=en|accessdate=13 April 2011|newspaper=Pittsburgh Post-Gazette|date=7 February 1976|quote=The vote was 11-1 with three abstentions -- the United States, Britain and Italy.}}</ref> It was the last time, {{as of|2011|lc=y}}, that France cast a lone veto in the Council.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.globalpolicy.org/security/membship/veto/vetosubj.htm |publisher=[[Global Policy Forum]] |title=Subjects of UN Security Council Vetoes |accessdate=13 April 2011 |author1=Celine Nahory |author2=Giji Gya |author3=Misaki Watanabe |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080317010910/http://www.globalpolicy.org/security/membship/veto/vetosubj.htm |archivedate=17 March 2008 }}</ref> The [[United Nations General Assembly]] adopted a series of resolutions on the issues, under the title "Question of the Comorian Island of Mayotte" up to 1995. Since 1995, the subject of Mayotte has not been discussed by the General Assembly.
[[File:2004 12 12 18-24-04 rose sea in mamoudzou mayotte island.jpg|left|thumb|Sea near [[Mamoudzou]]]]
Mayotte became an [[overseas department]] of France in March 2011 in consequence of a [[Mahoran status referendum, 2009|29 March 2009 referendum]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.lefigaro.fr/lefigaromagazine/2009/03/14/01006-20090314ARTFIG00183--enquete-sur-le-futur-101-e-departement-.php| title=Enquête sur le Futur 101e Département|language=fr}}</ref> The outcome was a 95.5 per cent vote in favour of changing the island's status from a French "overseas community" to become France's 101st département.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/africaandindianocean/comorosandmayotte/5072354/Mayotte-votes-to-become-Frances-101st-dpartement.html |title=Mayotte votes to become France's 101st department |publisher=Telegraph.co.uk |date=29 March 2009 |accessdate=1 April 2011}}</ref> Its non-official traditional Islamic law, applied in some aspects of the day-to-day life, will be gradually abolished and replaced by the uniform [[Napoleonic code|French civil code]].<ref>{{fr icon}} [http://www.lemonde.fr/politique/article/2009/03/29/mayotte-vote-en-faveur-de-la-departementalisation_1174015_823448.html#ens_id=1173404 Mayotte vote en faveur de la départementalisation], ''Le Monde'', 29 March 2009</ref> Additionally, French social welfare and taxes apply in Mayotte, though some of each will be brought in gradually.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.connexionfrance.com/Mayotte-department-101-France-Outre-Mer-overseas-Indian-Ocean-12618-view-article.html |title=Mayotte becomes 101st department |work=The Connexion |date=31 March 2011 |accessdate=2 April 2011}}</ref> Comoros continues to claim the island, while criticising the French military base there.<ref>[https://gadebate.un.org/67/comoros UN General Assembly General Debate of the 67th Session - Comoros (The)<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>
== Tham khảo ==
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