Khác biệt giữa bản sửa đổi của “Cường quốc vùng”

'''Cường quốc vùng''' hay '''cường quốc khu vực''' là một nước hùng mạnh và có khả năng ảnh hưởng trong một khu vực địa lý <ref name=es>Joachim Betz, Ian Taylor, [http://www.essex.ac.uk/ECPR/events/jointsessions/helsinki/long_ws_outlines/ws9.doc The Rise of (New) Regional Powers in Asia, Africa, Latin America...]{{dead link|date=March 2017|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}, German Overseas Institute & University of St. Andrews, May 2007</ref><ref name=po>Martin Beck, [https://web.archive.org/web/20090327080130/http://www.giga-hamburg.de/content/forumregional/pdf/giga_conference_RegionalPowers_0612/giga_RegPowers0612_paper_beck.pdf The Concept of Regional Power: The Middle east as a Deviant Case?], German Institute of Global and Area Studies, Hamburg, 11–12 December 2006.</ref> . Khả năng sức mạnh có thể không thể sánh bằng một [[đại cường quốc]] và [[siêu cường]] vốn dĩ có sức mạnh và ảnh hưởng trên phạm vi toàn cầu. Tầm ảnh hưởng không thể cho phép nước đó vươn xa nhưng trong khu vực địa lý xung quanh nước đó vẫn trở nên nổi bật.

 

 

==Đặc điểm==

 

 

_Hình thành một phần của một khu vực có thể xác định được với bản sắc riêng của nó

=== Châu Phi ===

* '''{{flagcountry|Nigeria}}'''<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YcK-AAAAQBAJ&q=Nigeria#v=snippet&q=West%20Africa,%20with%20its%20strong%20French%20influence,%20is%20home%20to%20one%20of%20Africa's%20two%20regional%20giants,%20Nigeria,%20and%20the%20region%20has%20seen%20the%20scene%20of%20much%20political%20and%20ethnic%20unres&f=false|title=Trade and Globalization: An Introduction to Regional Trade Agreements|last=Lynch|first=David A.|date=2010-08-16|publisher=Rowman & Littlefield Publishers|isbn=9780742566903|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=u_6mPWRGKlIC&q=South+Africa+is+not+the+sole+regional+power+on+the+continent,+though;+Nigeria+is+the+other+widely+acknowledge+centre+of+power+in+Africa+and+likewise+a+sub-regional+superpower+in+West+Africa#v=snippet&q=South%20Africa%20is%20not%20the%20sole%20regional%20power%20on%20the%20continent,%20though;%20Nigeria%20is%20the%20other%20widely%20acknowledge%20centre%20of%20power%20in%20Africa%20and%20likewise%20a%20sub-regional%20superpower%20in%20West%20Africa&f=false|title=Regional Leadership in the Global System: Ideas, Interests and Strategies of Regional Powers|last=Flemes|first=Daniel|date=2010|publisher=Ashgate Publishing, Ltd.|isbn=9780754679127|language=en}}</ref>

* '''{{flagcountry|South Africa}}'''{{Ref label|G20|G20|}}{{Ref label|BRICS|BRICS}}<ref name="The United States and the Great Powers" /><ref name=ai/><ref>[http://www.iss.co.za/Pubs/ASR/9No3/SAMiddlePower.html www.iss.co.za] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061012033753/http://www.iss.co.za/Pubs/ASR/9No3/SAMiddlePower.html |date=October 12, 2006 }}</ref><ref>"Southern Africa is home to the other of sub-Saharan Africa's regional powers: South Africa. South Africa is more than just a regional power; it is by far the most developed and economically powerful country in Africa, and now it is able to use that influence in Africa more than during the days of apartheid (white rule), when it was ostracized." See David Lynch, ''Trade and Globalization'' (Lanham, USA: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, 2010), p. 51.</ref>

 

 

* '''{{flagcountry|Argentina}}''' {{Ref label|G20|G20|}}<ref>"Argentina has been the leading military and economic power in the Southern Cone in the Twentieth Century." See Michael Morris, "The Srait of Magellan," in ''International Straits of the World'', edited by Gerard Mangone (Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Martinus Nijhoff Publishes, 1988), p. 63.</ref><ref name="Huntington 2001 p. 61">"Secondary regional powers in Huntington's view include Great Britain, Ukraine, Japan, South Korea, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia and Argentina." See Tom Nierop, "The Clash of Civilisations," in ''The Territorial Factor'', edited by Gertjan Dijkink and Hans Knippenberg (Amsterdam: Vossiuspers UvA, 2001), p. 61.</ref><ref>"The US has created a foundation upon which the regional powers, especially Argentina and Brazil, can developed their own rules for further managing regional relations." See David Lake, "Regional Hierarchies," in ''Globalising the Regional'', edited by Rick Fawn (UK: Cambridge University Press, 2009), p. 55.</ref><ref>"The southern cone of South America, including Argentina and Brazil, the two regional powers, has recently become a pluralistic security community." See Emanuel Adler and Patricia Greve, "Overlapping regional mechanisms of security governance," in ''Globalising the Regional'', edited by Rick Fawn (UK: Cambridge University Press, 2009), p. 78.</ref><ref>"[...] notably by linking the Southern Cone's rival regional powers, Brazil and Argentina." See Alejandra Ruiz-Dana, Peter Goldschag, Edmundo Claro and Hernan Blanco, "Regional integration, trade and conflicts in Latin America," in ''Regional Trade Integration and Conflict Resolution'', edited by Shaheen Rafi Khan (New York: Routledge, 2009), p. 18.</ref><ref name="Samuel P. Huntington 2000 p. 6">Samuel P. Huntington, "Culture, Power, and Democracy," in ''Globalization, Power, and Democracy'', edited by Marc Plattner and Aleksander Smolar (Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press, 2000), p. 6.</ref><ref>""The driving force behind the adoption of the MERCOSUR agreement was similar to that of the establishment of the EU: the hope of limiting the possibilities of traditional military hostility between the major regional powers, Brazil and Argentina." See Anestis Papadopoulos, ''The International Dimension of EU Competition Law and Policy'' (New York: Cambridge University Press, 2010), p. 283.</ref>

* '''{{flagcountry|Brazil}}'''{{Ref label|BRICS|BRICS}}{{Ref label|G20|G20|}}<ref>{{cite web|last1=Arnson|first1=Cynthia|last2=Sotero|first2=Paulo|title=Brazil as a Regional Power: Views from the Hemisphere|url=http://www.wilsoncenter.org/sites/default/files/Brazil-as-a-Regional-Power3.pdf|publisher=Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars|accessdate=16 April 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last1=De Lima|first1=Maria Regina Soares|last2=Hirst|first2=Monica|title=Brazil as an intermediate state and regional power: action, choice and responsibilities|url=http://www.chathamhouse.org/sites/default/files/public/International%20Affairs/Blanket%20File%20Import/inta_513.pdf|publisher=Chatham House|accessdate=16 April 2012|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121106023112/http://www.chathamhouse.org/sites/default/files/public/International%20Affairs/Blanket%20File%20Import/inta_513.pdf|archivedate=6 November 2012|df=}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Wigell|first=Mikael|title=Assertive Brazil, an emerging power and its implications|url=http://www.fiia.fi/assets/publications/bp82.pdf|publisher=Finnish Institute of International Affairs|accessdate=16 April 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Flemes, Daniel|title=Brazil’s strategic options in a multiregional world order|url=http://www.giga-hamburg.de/dl/download.php?d=/english/content/rpn/conferences/flemes.pdf|publisher=German Institute of Global and Area Studies|accessdate=16 April 2012}}{{dead link|date=September 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Schenoni, Luis|title=Unveiling the South American Balance|url=https://www.academia.edu/12944490/Unveiling_the_South_American_Balance|publisher=Estudos Internacionais|accessdate=16 April 2015}}</ref>

 

=== Châu Á ===

==== Đông Á ====

* '''{{flagcountry|China}}'''{{Ref label|GP|GP|}}{{Ref label|BRICS|BRICS}}{{Ref label|G20|G20|}}<ref name="time">{{cite web|url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,503050425-1051243,00.html|publisher=time.com|title=Living With The Giants - TIME|accessdate=5 March 2017}}</ref><ref name="af">{{cite web|url=http://www.au.af.mil/au/aul/bibs/cgrp.htm|publisher=au.af.mil|title=China: Global/Regional Power 2006|accessdate=5 March 2017}}</ref><ref name="cnn">{{cite web|url=http://www.cnn.com/SPECIALS/1999/china.50/asian.superpower/neighbors/|publisher=cnn.com|title=CNN In-Depth Specials - Visions of China - Asian Superpower: Regional 'godfather' or local bully? |accessdate=5 March 2017}}</ref><ref name="abc">{{cite web|url=http://www.abc.net.au/correspondents/content/2006/s1642878.htm|publisher=abc.net.au|title=Correspondents Report - China: paramount power in South East Asia|date=2006-05-21|accessdate=5 March 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.aseanfocus.com/asiananalysis/article.cfm?articleID=780 |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2007-05-23 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070831064146/http://www.aseanfocus.com/asiananalysis/article.cfm?articleID=780 |archivedate=2007-08-31 |df= }} www.aseanfocus.com</ref><ref name=alla>[http://www.allacademic.com/meta/p_mla_apa_research_citation/3/6/0/7/9/p360796_index.html U.S. Policy to Asia for Regional Powers in New Science and Technology: China, Russia, Japan and Korea with Nuclear Potential], allacademic.com</ref>

* '''{{flagcountry|Japan}}'''{{Ref label|GP|GP|}}{{Ref label|G7|G7|}}{{Ref label|G20|G20|}}<ref name=alla/><ref name="cambridge">{{cite web|url=http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayAbstract;jsessionid=2EE3EF674E08CB40D5050A82CE8B22BD.tomcat1?fromPage=online&aid=392746#|publisher=journals.cambridge.org|title=Japan and the Myanmar Stalemate: Regional Power and Resolution of a Regional Problem&#124; Japanese Journal of Political Science &#124; Cambridge Core|accessdate=5 March 2017}}</ref><ref name=cbs>{{cite web|url=http://www.csbaonline.org/4Publications/PubLibrary/R.20000200.Transforming_Ameri/R.20000200.Transforming_Ameri.php|publisher=csbaonline.org|title=www.csbaonline.org/4Publications/PubLibrary/R.20000200.Transforming_Ameri/R.20000200.Transforming_Ameri.php|accessdate=5 March 2017|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303234424/http://www.csbaonline.org/4Publications/PubLibrary/R.20000200.Transforming_Ameri/R.20000200.Transforming_Ameri.php|archivedate=3 March 2016|df=}}</ref>

* '''{{flagcountry|South Korea}}'''{{Ref label|G20|G20|}}{{Ref label|OECD|OECD|}}{{Ref label|DAC|DAC|}}<ref name="South Korea: A Major Regional Power">{{cite web|url=http://journalofsociology.ro/wp-content/uploads/2015/08/Full-text-pdf.5.pdf|publisher=Journal of Sociololgy|title=South Korea: A Major Regional Power|accessdate=5 July 2017}}</ref>

 

==== Đông Nam Á ====

* '''{{flagcountry|Indonesia}}'''{{Ref label|G20|G20|}}{{Ref label|Next 11|N11}}<ref name=ai/><ref name="ref">Emmers, Ralf. [http://citation.allacademic.com/meta/p_mla_apa_research_citation/0/7/3/9/2/p73921_index.html "Regional hegemonies and the exercise of power in Southeast Asia: A study of Indonesia and Vietnam"] Paper presented at the annual meeting of the International Studies Association, Le Centre Sheraton Hotel, Montreal, Quebec, Canada, March 17, 2004. Retrieved April 17, 2017.</ref>

* '''{{flagcountry|Vietnam}}'''

 

==== Tây Á ====

* '''{{flagcountry|Iran}}'''{{Ref label|Next 11|N11}}<ref name="The United States and the Great Powers">{{cite book | last =Buzan | first =Barry | coauthors = | title=The United States and the Great Powers | publisher=Polity Press | year=2004 | location=Cambridge, United Kingdom | pages =71 | isbn =0-7456-3375-7 | url=}}</ref><ref name="Regions and powers">{{harvtxt|Buzan & Wæver, Regions and Powers|2003|p=55}}</ref><ref>""Iran is a strong regional power, in a far better shape than Pakistan because f its economic capabilities, rich mineral and energy resources, and internal stability, added to its far greater geostrategic importance." In Hooman Peimani, ''Nuclear Proliferation in the Indian Subcontinent'' (Westport: Praeger Publishers, 2000), p. 30.</ref>

 

=== Châu Âu ===

 

* '''{{flagcountry|France}}'''{{Ref label|GP|GP|}}{{Ref label|G7|G7|}}{{Ref label|G20|G20|}}<ref name="ai"/><ref name=cbs/><ref name="globalpolicy">{{cite web|url=http://www.globalpolicy.org/security/oil/2003/0206regi.htm|publisher=globalpolicy.org|title=&quot;Regional Powers React to Proposed US Invasion of Iraq&quot;|accessdate=5 March 2017}}</ref>

* '''{{flagcountry|Germany}}'''{{Ref label|GP|GP|}}{{Ref label|G7|G7|}}{{Ref label|G20|G20|}}<ref name=ai>[http://www.aims.ca/library/huntington.pdf www.aims.ca] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060721181621/http://www.aims.ca/library/huntington.pdf |date=July 21, 2006 }}</ref><ref name="cbs"/><ref>{{cite web|url=https://tspace.library.utoronto.ca/bitstream/1807/2181/6/lecture010.pdf|title=tspace.library.utoronto.ca|author=|date=|website=utoronto.ca|accessdate=4 April 2018}}</ref>

* '''{{flagcountry|Italy}}'''{{Ref label|GP|GP|}}{{Ref label|G7|G7|}}{{Ref label|G20|G20|}}<ref>Gabriele Abbondanza, ''Italy as a Regional Power: the African Context from National Unification to the Present Day'' (Rome: Aracne, 2016)</ref><ref>"[[Operation Alba]] may be considered one of the most important instances in which Italy has acted as a regional power, taking the lead in executing a technically and politically coherent and determined strategy." See Federiga Bindi, ''Italy and the European Union'' (Washington, D.C.: Brookings Institution Press, 2011), p. 171.</ref><ref>"Italy plays a prominent role in European and global military, cultural and diplomatic affairs. The country's European political, social and economic influence make it a major regional power." See ''Italy: Justice System and National Police Handbook'', Vol. 1 (Washington, D.C.: International Business Publications, 2009), p. 9.</ref><ref name="ladocumentationfrancaise">{{cite web|url=http://www.ladocumentationfrancaise.fr/catalogue/3303331600596/index.shtml|publisher=ladocumentationfrancaise.fr|title=L'Italie : un destin européen - Ouvrages - La Documentation française &#124; L'Italie est avant tout une grande puissance européenne, un État-nation au développement économique brillant, une puissance industrielle, une société civile active, une intelligentsia remarquable, l&#8217;un des principaux pôles culturels et artistiques de l&#8217;Europe. |accessdate=5 March 2017}}</ref>

* '''{{flagcountry|United Kingdom}}'''{{Ref label|GP|GP|}}{{Ref label|G7|G7|}}{{Ref label|G20|G20|}}<ref name="Huntington 2001 p. 61"/><ref name="Samuel P. Huntington 2000 p. 6"/><ref name="giga-hamburg">{{cite web|url=http://www.giga-hamburg.de/dl/download.php?d=/english/content/rpn/conferences/mayer.pdf|publisher=giga-hamburg.de|title=France, Germany, Britain – Responses of Traditional Regional Powers to Rising Regions and Rivals|accessdate=5 March 2017}}{{dead link|date=September 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>

 

 

* '''{{flagcountry|Russia}}'''{{Ref label|GP|GP|}}{{Ref label|BRICS|BRICS}}{{Ref label|G20|G20|}}<ref name="alla"/><ref name=cbs/><ref>http://www.carnegie.ru/en/pubs/media/69778.htm www.carnegie.ru</ref>

* '''{{flagcountry|Turkey}}'''{{Ref label|G20|G20|}}<ref name="books.google.co.uk">{{cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=XvtS5hKg9jYC&oi=fnd&pg=PR8&dq=The+United+States+and+the+Great+Powers&ots=A3H1zZvfp4&sig=qSCxRlF4ImYrrKmiSNarSxTQTyE#v=onepage&q&f=false|title=The United States and the Great Powers: World Politics in the Twenty-First Century|first=Barry|last=Buzan|date=15 October 2004|publisher=Wiley|accessdate=4 April 2018|via=Google Books}}</ref><ref name="StratforTurkey">{{cite web|url=http://www.stratfor.com/weekly/20090317_turkey_and_russia_rise|title=Turkey and Russia on the Rise|publisher=Stratfor|date=2009-03-17|accessdate=21 August 2011|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110823084005/http://www.stratfor.com/weekly/20090317_turkey_and_russia_rise|archivedate=23 August 2011|df=}}</ref><ref name="HeptagonTurkey">{{cite web|url=http://www.heptagonpost.com/Dessi/can_turkey_be_a_source_of_stability_in_the_middle_east|title=Can Turkey Be a Source of Stability in the Middle East? |publisher=heptagonpost.com |date=2010-12-18 |accessdate=16 May 2011}}</ref><ref name="economist">{{cite web|url=http://www.economist.com/node/21536598|publisher=economist.com|title= The Economist: "Turkish foreign policy: Ottoman dreamer", 5 November 2011. |accessdate=5 March 2017}}</ref><ref name="economist2">{{cite web|url=http://www.economist.com/node/21536647|publisher=economist.com|title= The Economist: "Turkey in the Balkans: The good old days?", 5 November 2011. |accessdate=5 March 2017}}</ref><ref>[http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,2099674,00.html "Erdoğan's Moment"], cover story in the [[Time (magazine)|Time magazine]] issue of November 21–28, 2011. (Vol. 178 No. 21.) [http://www.time.com/time/magazine/0,9263,7601111128,00.html "Erdoğan's Way"] was the cover title in the editions of [http://www.time.com/time/covers/europe/0,16641,20111128,00.html Europe], [http://www.time.com/time/covers/asia/0,16641,20111128,00.html Asia] and [http://www.time.com/time/covers/pacific/0,16641,20111128,00.html South Pacific].</ref>

 

* {{citation |editor1-first=Nadine |editor1-last=Godehardt |editor2-first=Dirk |editor2-last=Nabers |title=Regional Orders and Regional Powers |year=2011 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-136-71891-5 |pages=193–208}}

* {{citation |last1=Stewart-Ingersoll |first1=Robert |last2=Frazier |first2=Derrick |title=Regional Powers and Security Orders: A Theoretical Framework |year=2012 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-0-415-56919-4}}

 

{{Cường quốc quốc tế}}