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Khác biệt giữa bản sửa đổi của “Người Yugur”

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{{Đang dịch 2 (nguồn)|ngày=12
|tháng=06
|năm=2011
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{{Infobox Ethnic group
|group=Người Yugur
|image=
AlternativeTên nameskhác:<br>''Yogïr''/''Sarïg Yogïr'', ''Yogor''/''Šera Yogor'', Yellow Uyghur vàng
|poptime=15,000 (est.)
|popplace= [[ChinaTrung Quốc]]: [[GansuCam Túc]]
|langs= [[WesternTiếng Yugur language|WesternTây Yugur]], [[Eastern YugurTiếng language|EasternĐông Yugur]]
|rels=[[TibetanPhật Buddhismgiáo Tây Tạng]], [[ShamanismShaman giáo]]
|related=những dân tộc nhóm Turk (Thổ) và Mông Cổ khác
|related=Other Turkic and Mongolic peoples
}}
 
'''Người Yugur''' ([[Giản thể]]: 裕固族, [[Phồn thể]]: 裕固族, [[Bính âm]]: Yùgù Zú, [[Hán Việt]]: Dụ Cố tộc), hay còn gọi theo truyền thống là người Uyghur vàng, là một trong 56 dân tộc được chính thức công nhận tại [[Cộng hào Nhân dân Trung Hoa]], người Yugur có 13,.719 personstahnhf accordingviên totheo thethống 2000kê censusnăm 2000.<ref>{{cite book|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=F2SRqDzB50wC&pg=PA1142&dq=yellow+uyghurs&hl=en&ei=hh_PTL-QIcT_lgeWovXmCA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=3&ved=0CDMQ6AEwAg#v=onepage&q=yellow%20uyghurs&f=false|title=Concise encyclopedia of languages of the world|author=Justin Keith Brown, Sarah Ogilvie|year=2009|publisher=Elsevier|location=|isbn=0080877745|page=1142|pages=|accessdate=2010-10-31}}</ref> TheNgười Yugur livesinh primarilysống inchủ yếu tại [[SunanHuyện tự trị dân tộc Yugur AutonomousTúc CountyNam]] intại tỉnh [[Gansu|GānsùCam Túc]] Province. TheyDân aretộc Buddhistsnày theo [[Phật giáo]], unlikecòn thenhững Xinjiangngười Uyghurs whoUyghur hadTân convertedCương tothì Islamđã cải sang [[Hồi giáo]].<ref>{{cite book|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=MT2D_0_eBPQC&pg=PA178&dq=yellow+uyghurs&hl=en&ei=hh_PTL-QIcT_lgeWovXmCA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=2&ved=0CC0Q6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=yellow%20uyghurs&f=false|title=Oasis identities: Uyghur nationalism along China's Silk Road|author=Justin Ben-Adam Rudelson, Justin Jon Rudelson|year=1997|publisher=Columbia University Press|location=|isbn=0231107862|page=178|pages=|accessdate=2010-10-31}}</ref> ScholorsMột likesố học giả như Pál Nyíri andvà Joana Breidenbach saycho thatrằng thevăn Yugur's culturehóa, language,ngôn andngữ religion,và istín closerngưỡng tocủa thengười originalYugur culturegần ofgũi hơn the originalvới Liên minh Uyghur Confederationthời atcổ tại Karakorum, thanhơn thelà culturevới ofvăn thehóa moderncủa [[Uyghurngười peopleUyghur]] ofở Tân Cương hiện Xinjiangnay.<ref>{{cite book|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=icZJJN0wYPcC&pg=PA275&dq=yugur+close+to+original+uyghur&hl=en&ei=GXHPTLHnGYK0lQeBgOHpBg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=3&ved=0CDUQ6AEwAg#v=onepage&q&f=false|title=China inside out: contemporary Chinese nationalism and transnationalism|author=Pál Nyíri, Joana Breidenbach|year=2005|publisher=Central European University Press|location=|isbn=9637326146|page=275|pages=|accessdate=2010-10-31}}</ref>
 
About 4,600 of the Yugurs speak the [[Turkic languages|Turkic]] [[Western Yugur language]] and about 2,800 the [[Mongolic languages|Mongolic]] [[Eastern Yugur language]]. The remaining Yugurs of the Autonomous County lost their respective Yugur language and speak [[Chinese language|Chinese]].<ref>{{cite book|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=U1009DRu_vMC&pg=PA397&dq=yellow+uyghurs&hl=en&ei=hh_PTL-QIcT_lgeWovXmCA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCcQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=yellow%20uyghurs&f=false|title=The Turkic languages|author=Lars Johanson, Éva Csató|year=1998|publisher=Taylor & Francis|location=|isbn=0415082005|page=397|pages=|accessdate=2010-10-31}}</ref> A very small number of the Yugur reportedly speak [[Tibetan language|Tibetan]]. The Yugur have preserved more of the original Turkic language of the Uyghurs than other Uyghurs. They use Chinese for intercommunication. Both Yugur languages are now unwritten, although vertical [[Uyghur script]] was in use in some Yugur communities till end of 19th century.<ref>{{cite book|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=ddddmhXofKoC&pg=PA212&dq=yellow+uyghurs&hl=en&ei=XyDPTK34N8b_lgeZxt3nCA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=4&ved=0CDwQ6AEwAw#v=onepage&q=yellow%20uyghurs&f=false|title=Dislocating China: reflections on Muslims, minorities and other subaltern subjects|author=Dru C. Gladney|year=2004|publisher=C. Hurst & Co. Publishers|location=|isbn=1850653240|page=212|pages=|accessdate=2010-10-31}}</ref>
 
The Turkic speaking Yugurs are considered to be the descendants of a group of Uyghurs who fled from [[Mongolia]] southwards to Gānsù, after the collapse of the [[Uyghur Empire]] in [[840]] AD, and soon established there a prosperous Ganzhou Kingdom (870-1036 AD) with capital near present [[Zhangye]] city on the foots of [[Qilian Mountains|Nan Shan Mountains]] in the valley of the [[Ejin River]] (Black River).<ref>{{cite book|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=X2XpddVB0l0C&pg=PA89&dq=yellow+uyghurs&hl=en&ei=hh_PTL-QIcT_lgeWovXmCA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=7&ved=0CEgQ6AEwBg#v=onepage&q=yellow%20uyghurs&f=false|title=Central Asia, 130 years of Russian dominance: a historical overview|author=Edward Allworth|year=1994|publisher=Duke University Press|location=|isbn=0822315211|page=89|pages=|accessdate=2010-10-31}}</ref> Population of this Kingdom, that was estimated at 300,000 in [[Song Dynasty]] chronicles, practised [[Manichaeism]] and [[Buddhism]] in numerous temples flourished throughout the country and had forcibly been incorporated into [[Tangut]] Kingdom, despite of fierce resistance, after bloody war of 1028–1036 AD ([[Kashgarli Mehmud|Mahmut Kashgari]] who lived at the time in [[Kashgar]] stated that "Uyghur blood was pouring like a murmuring stream" during this war). In 1037 the Yugur then came under Tangut domination.<ref>{{cite book|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=hQhQ3QKDezsC&pg=PA10&dq=yellow+uyghurs&hl=en&ei=hyDPTOq6A4X6lwet6PnjCA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=10&ved=0CFYQ6AEwCQ#v=onepage&q=yellow%20uyghurs&f=false|title=Central Xinjiang: China's Muslim far northwest|author=Michael Dillon|year=2004|publisher=Psychology Press|location=|isbn=0415320518|page=10|pages=|accessdate=2010-10-31}}</ref> The Mongolic speaking Yugurs are probably the descendants of one of the Mongolic speaking groups invading northern China during the [[Mongol]] conquests in the thirteenth century. The Yugurs were eventually incorporated in the Chinese [[Qing]] empire in 1696, during the reign of the second [[Qing Dynasty|Manchu]] emperor [[Kangxi]] (1662–1723).
 
The nationality's current, official name, Yugur, derived from the Yugur's autonym: the Turkic speaking Yugur designate themselves as ''Yogïr'' or ''Sarïg Yogïr'' ((Yellow) Yugur), and the Mongolic speaking Yugur likewise use either ''Yogor'' or ''Šera Yogor'' ((Yellow) Yugur). Chinese historical documents have recorded these ethnonyms as ''Sālǐ Wèiwù'ěr'' or ''Xīlǎgǔ'ěr''. During the Qing dynasty, the Yugur were also called ''西喇古兒黃番(Xilaguer Huángbo'' (Western Lagur Yellow Bo). "Bo" is the classical Chinese term referring to Sino-Tibetian speaking ethnic groups. In order to distinguish both groups and their languages, Chinese linguists coined the terms ''Xībù Yùgù'' ([[Western Yugur language|Western Yugur]]) and ''Dōngbù Yùgù'' ([[Eastern Yugur language|Eastern Yugur]]), based on their geographical distribution.
 
The Turkic speaking Yugur mainly live in the western part of the County in Mínghuā District, in the Townships of Liánhuā and Mínghǎi, and in Dàhé District, in the centre of the County.
The Mongolic speaking Yugur mainly live in the County's eastern part, in Huángchéng District, and in Dàhé and Kānglè Districts, in the centre of the County.
 
The traditional [[religion]] of the Yugur is [[Tibetan Buddhism]], which used to be practised alongside [[shamanism]].
 
The Yugur people are predominantly employed in [[animal husbandry]].
 
Very little is concretely known about the origins and history of the Yugur. In 1893, Russian explorer
Grigory Nikoleyaevich Potanin, the first Western scientist to study the Yugur, published a small glossary of Yugur words, along with notes on their administration and geographical situation.<ref>Eric Enno Tamm. (2010) "The Horse That Leaps Through Clouds: A Tale of Espionage, the Silk Road and the Rise of Modern China." Vancouver: Douglas & McIntyre, p.218. ISBN 978-1553652694. http://horsethatleaps.com/chapter-11</ref> Then, in 1907, Gustaf Mannerheim visited the Western Yugur village of Lianhua (Mazhuangzi) and the Eastern Yugur temple of Kanglesi. Mannerheim was the first to conduct a detailed ethnographic investigation of the Yugur. In 1911, he published his findings in an article for the Finno-Ugrian Society.
 
==References==
Lấy từ “https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Người_Yugur”