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Trong năm 2010,Lễ hội sinh viên Freshers Scotcampus 'được tổ chức tại Edinburgh và Glasgow sẽ được cả hai hỗ trợ hoàn toàn bằng năng lượng tái tạo trong một nỗ lực để nâng cao nhận thức với những người trẻ ở Scotland.<ref>[http://eventsedinburgh.org.uk/Freshers-Festival-Edinburgh.html "Freshers Festivals Edinburgh"] Events Edinburgh. Retrieved 30 June 2010.</ref>
== Các sự kiện gần đây ==
== Recent events ==
Dữ liệu mới xuất hiện trên cơ sở thường xuyên và sự kiện quan trọng trong 2007-9 bao gồm.
New data appears on a regular basis and milestones in 2007-9 include the following.
InTrong Februarytháng hai năm 2007 , thevận commissioninghành ofcủa thecác trang trại gió [[Braes ofcủa Doune]] windđưa farmcông tooksuất thelắp UKđặt renewablesnăng installedlượng capacitytái uptạo tocủa Anh lên tới 2 GW.<ref>[http://www.bwea.com/media/news/070209.html "UK wind power portfolio reaches new milestone: UK becomes 7th country in world to install over 2 gigawatts of wind energy".] British Wind Energy Association (7 February 2007) BWEA News press release. Retrieved on 15 February 2007.</ref> TotalTổng Scottishcông capacitysuất atcủa OctoberScotland tại tháng 10 năm 2007 waslà 1 .,13 GW fromtừ 760 turbinestua-bin, andtăng increased totới 1 .,3 GW byvào Septembertháng Chín năm 2008 andvà 1 .,48 GW byvào Augusttháng tám năm 2009.<ref name=srf/><ref name=nuke>Edwards, Rob (20 January 2008) "Who Needs Nuclear?" Glasgow. ''Sunday Herald''.</ref><ref name=lead>[http://www.scotland.gov.uk/Resource/Doc/243461/0067751.pdf ''Making Scotland a Leader in Green Energy: Framework for the development and deployment of renewables in Scotland'']. (October 2008) (pdf) Scottish Government and FREDS.</ref> Trang Thetrại gió Robin Rigg 180 MW wind farm in theở [[Solway Firth]], Scotlandtrang firsttrại largegió offshorengoài windkhơi lớn đầu farmtiên ở Scotland, isdự expectedkiến tosẽ commencebắt productionđầu insản thexuất summervào ofmùa hè năm 2009.<ref>Haworth, Jenny (24 July 2009) "It's switch-on time for Scotland's first offshore wind farm". Edinburgh. ''The Scotsman''.</ref> ▼
AlsoCũng duringtrong năm 2007 ScottishScotland andvà Southern Energy plc inkết conjunctionhợp with thevới [[ UniversityĐại ofhọc Strathclyde]] beganbắt theđầu implementationthi ofhành amột 'Regional Power Zone' intrên thequần đảo Orkney archipelago. ThisĐề ground-breakingán schemenày khởi công ( thatcó maythể belà theđề firstán ofđầu itstiên kindthuộc inloại thenày worldtrên thế giới) involvesliên 'activequan networkđến "quản lý mạng lưới hoạt động management' thatsẽ willtận makedụng bettertốt usehơn ofcơ thesở existinghạ infrastructuretầng andhiện allowcó avà furthercho 15MWphép ofthêm new15 'non-firmMW đầu ra thế hệ phi doanh nghiệp generationmới' outputtừ fromnăng renewableslượng ontotái thetạo networktrên mạng.<ref>[http://www.scottish-southern.co.uk/SSEInternet/uploadedFiles/About_Us/Our_Businesses/Energy_Systems/Regulated_Accounts/SSERPZReport%200607.pdf ''Registered Power Zone Annual Report for period 1 April 2006 to 31 March 2007''] (pdf) Scottish Hydro Electric Power Distribution and Southern Electric Power Distribution. Retrieved 18 October 2007.</ref><ref>[http://www.ensg.gov.uk/assets/kel003110000.pdf ''FACILITATE GENERATION CONNECTIONS ON ORKNEY BY AUTOMATIC DISTRIBUTION NETWORK MANAGEMENT''] DTI. Retrieved 18 October 2007.</ref> HeatCông andty PowerTNHH Ltd.Nhiệt và điện ofcủa [[Westray]] arecó involvedliên inquan developingtrong anviệc innovativephát triển một hệ thống digestor systemsáng thattạo isđang beingđược trialledthử atnghiệm Tuquoytại farmtrang trại Tuquoy. DesignedThiết kế bybởi [[Sam Harcus]] andvà Colin Risbridger, itnó iscó capablekhả ofnăng handlingxử uplý tolên đến 1 ,.500 tonnestấn ofnguyên feedstockliệu per/ annumnăm. ScottishScotland & Southern Energy haveđã beenbị askedyêu tocầu providecung forcấp ancho exportcác capacitymột ofcông suất xuất khẩu của 40kWe. TheMục aimđích islà tođể helpgiúp movedi thechuyển farmtheo towardshướng beingtrang poweredtrại byđược hỗ trợ vào 100% renewablenăng lượng tái energytạo.<ref>[http://www.heatandpower.ltd.uk/news.htm " Construction of the 'Grass as an energy crop' digester progressing well."] (19 September 2007) Heat and Power Ltd. Retrieved 9 February 2008.</ref><ref>[http://www.heatandpower.ltd.uk/Introduction.htm "Introduction"] Heat and Power Ltd. Retrieved 9 February 2008.</ref> ▼▲In February 2007 the commissioning of the [[Braes of Doune]] wind farm took the UK renewables installed capacity up to 2 GW.<ref>[http://www.bwea.com/media/news/070209.html "UK wind power portfolio reaches new milestone: UK becomes 7th country in world to install over 2 gigawatts of wind energy".] British Wind Energy Association (7 February 2007) BWEA News press release. Retrieved on 15 February 2007.</ref> Total Scottish capacity at October 2007 was 1.13 GW from 760 turbines and increased to 1.3 GW by September 2008 and 1.48 GW by August 2009.<ref name=srf/><ref name=nuke>Edwards, Rob (20 January 2008) "Who Needs Nuclear?" Glasgow. ''Sunday Herald''.</ref><ref name=lead>[http://www.scotland.gov.uk/Resource/Doc/243461/0067751.pdf ''Making Scotland a Leader in Green Energy: Framework for the development and deployment of renewables in Scotland'']. (October 2008) (pdf) Scottish Government and FREDS.</ref> The Robin Rigg 180 MW wind farm in the [[Solway Firth]], Scotland first large offshore wind farm, is expected to commence production in the summer of 2009.<ref>Haworth, Jenny (24 July 2009) "It's switch-on time for Scotland's first offshore wind farm". Edinburgh. ''The Scotsman''.</ref>
InTrong Januarytháng 1 năm 2008 itnó wasđã reportedđược thatbáo Professorcáo rằng Giáo sư Graeme Walker of thecủa [[ UniversityĐại ofhọc Abertay]] isđang dẫn đầu một dự án nhằm sử dụng leadingcác ahạt projectngũ aimedcốc at, usingmột grainsản thatphẩm ischưng acất by-productrượu ofnhư whiskymột distillingnhiên asliệu asinh biofuelhọc.<ref>Lawrie, Alexander (21 January 2008) "Cars run on whisky: what a dram fine idea". Glasgow. ''The Herald.</ref> ▼▲Also during 2007 Scottish and Southern Energy plc in conjunction with the [[University of Strathclyde]] began the implementation of a 'Regional Power Zone' in the Orkney archipelago. This ground-breaking scheme (that may be the first of its kind in the world) involves 'active network management' that will make better use of the existing infrastructure and allow a further 15MW of new 'non-firm generation' output from renewables onto the network.<ref>[http://www.scottish-southern.co.uk/SSEInternet/uploadedFiles/About_Us/Our_Businesses/Energy_Systems/Regulated_Accounts/SSERPZReport%200607.pdf ''Registered Power Zone Annual Report for period 1 April 2006 to 31 March 2007''] (pdf) Scottish Hydro Electric Power Distribution and Southern Electric Power Distribution. Retrieved 18 October 2007.</ref><ref>[http://www.ensg.gov.uk/assets/kel003110000.pdf ''FACILITATE GENERATION CONNECTIONS ON ORKNEY BY AUTOMATIC DISTRIBUTION NETWORK MANAGEMENT''] DTI. Retrieved 18 October 2007.</ref> Heat and Power Ltd. of [[Westray]] are involved in developing an innovative digestor system that is being trialled at Tuquoy farm. Designed by [[Sam Harcus]] and Colin Risbridger, it is capable of handling up to 1,500 tonnes of feedstock per annum. Scottish & Southern Energy have been asked to provide for an export capacity of 40kWe. The aim is to help move the farm towards being powered by 100% renewable energy.<ref>[http://www.heatandpower.ltd.uk/news.htm " Construction of the 'Grass as an energy crop' digester progressing well."] (19 September 2007) Heat and Power Ltd. Retrieved 9 February 2008.</ref><ref>[http://www.heatandpower.ltd.uk/Introduction.htm "Introduction"] Heat and Power Ltd. Retrieved 9 February 2008.</ref>
InTrong Februarytháng 2 năm 2008 planskế tohoạch buildxây adựng 10MWmột prototypenhà tidalmáy energynăng plantlượng inthủy thetriều 10MW thử nghiệm ở Pentland Firth weređã announcedđược bycông bố bởi Tocardo Tidal Energy Ltd . ofcủa Wick. ProductionSản isxuất expecteddự tokiến commencesẽ inbắt đầu trong năm 2009.<ref>[http://www.energycurrent.com/?id=3&storyid=8705 "Tocardo makes first waves in Caithness"] energycurrent.com Retrieved 25 February 2008.</ref><ref>Ross, John (25 February 2008) "Tour to unlock the power of Pentland Firth". Edinburgh ''The Scotsman''.</ref> TheVào tháng 9 followingsau Septemberđó, ScottishScotland Power announcedcông plansbố forkế twohoạch tidalđối projectsvới inhai thedự sameán areathủy triều ở cùng một khu vực, pendingtrong successfulkhi testschờ ofthử anghiệm £6thành millioncông một thử nghiệm £ prototype6000000.<ref>Haworth, Jenny (29 September 2008) "Scotland to build world's first 'wind farms under the sea'." Edinburgh. ''The Scotsman''.</ref> ▼▲In January 2008 it was reported that Professor Graeme Walker of the [[University of Abertay]] is leading a project aimed at using grain that is a by-product of whisky distilling as a biofuel.<ref>Lawrie, Alexander (21 January 2008) "Cars run on whisky: what a dram fine idea". Glasgow. ''The Herald.</ref>
InVào Januarytháng Giêng năm 2009 , thechính governmentphủ announcedcông thebố launchkhởi ofđộng acủa một " MarineKế Spatialhoạch Plankhông gian biển" tođể maphoạch theđịnh potentialtiềm ofnăng thecủa Pentland Firth andvà bờ biển Orkney coastsvà andđồng agreedý totham takegia partvào inmột anhóm workingcông grouptác examiningkiểm optionstra forcác anlựa offshorechọn gridcho tocác connectmột renewablemạng energylưới projectsngoài inkhơi theđể Northkết Seanối tocác on-shoredự án năng lượng tái tạo ở Biển phía Bắc với lưới điện quốc gia nationaltrên gridsbờ.<ref>[http://www.energysavingtrust.org.uk/Resources/Daily-news/Renewable-energy2/Scotland-marine-energy-potential-to-be-mapped/(energysavingtrust)/156973 " Scotland marine energy potential to be mapped"] Energysaving trust. Retrieved 2 February 2009. {{dead link| date=June 2010 | bot=DASHBot}}</ref> TheTiềm potentialnăng forcủa suchcơ achế schemenày hasđã beenđược describedmô astả includinglà actingbao gồm ascả ahoạt động như một " pin 30 GW batterycho forcác Europe'snăng cleanlượng energysạch của châu Âu".<ref>Jha, Alok (3 January 2010) "Sun, wind and wave-powered: Europe unites to build renewables 'supergrid'." London. ''The Guardian.''</ref> ▼▲In February 2008 plans to build a 10MW prototype tidal energy plant in the Pentland Firth were announced by Tocardo Tidal Energy Ltd. of Wick. Production is expected to commence in 2009.<ref>[http://www.energycurrent.com/?id=3&storyid=8705 "Tocardo makes first waves in Caithness"] energycurrent.com Retrieved 25 February 2008.</ref><ref>Ross, John (25 February 2008) "Tour to unlock the power of Pentland Firth". Edinburgh ''The Scotsman''.</ref> The following September, Scottish Power announced plans for two tidal projects in the same area, pending successful tests of a £6 million prototype.<ref>Haworth, Jenny (29 September 2008) "Scotland to build world's first 'wind farms under the sea'." Edinburgh. ''The Scotsman''.</ref>
InTrong Julytháng bảy năm 2009 amột newnghiên studycứu calledmới gọi là " The Power of Scotland Renewed" wasđược publishedcông khai. ItsKết findingsquả indicatedcủa thatnó thechỉ countryra couldrằng meetnước allnày itscó electricitythể needsđáp byứng tất cả các nhu cầu điện vào năm 2030 withoutmà không yêu cầu lắp đặt đối với thenhiên requirementliệu forhạt eithernhân nuclearhoặc orhóa fossilthạch fuelđược poweredcung installationscấp.<ref>Murray, Ben (2009) "The Power of Scotland Renewed: Clean green energy for the nation's future." FOE Scotland, RSPB, World Development Movement and WWF.</ref> ▼▲In January 2009 the government announced the launch of a "Marine Spatial Plan" to map the potential of the Pentland Firth and Orkney coasts and agreed to take part in a working group examining options for an offshore grid to connect renewable energy projects in the North Sea to on-shore national grids.<ref>[http://www.energysavingtrust.org.uk/Resources/Daily-news/Renewable-energy2/Scotland-marine-energy-potential-to-be-mapped/(energysavingtrust)/156973 " Scotland marine energy potential to be mapped"] Energysaving trust. Retrieved 2 February 2009. {{dead link| date=June 2010 | bot=DASHBot}}</ref> The potential for such a scheme has been described as including acting as a "30 GW battery for Europe's clean energy".<ref>Jha, Alok (3 January 2010) "Sun, wind and wave-powered: Europe unites to build renewables 'supergrid'." London. ''The Guardian.''</ref>
InTrong Apriltháng tư năm 2010 permissionđã wascấp grantedphép forđối fourvới newbốn hydrodự schemesán totalingthuỷ điện mới với tổng công suất 6 .,7 MW capacityở in the [[Loch Lomond andvà TheVườn Trossachsquốc Nationalgia Park]]Trossachs.<ref>[http://www.scotland.gov.uk/News/Releases/2010/04/20104605 "Hydro schemes approved"] Scottish Government. Retrieved 29 May 2010.</ref> ▼▲In July 2009 a new study called "The Power of Scotland Renewed" was published. Its findings indicated that the country could meet all its electricity needs by 2030 without the requirement for either nuclear or fossil fuel powered installations.<ref>Murray, Ben (2009) "The Power of Scotland Renewed: Clean green energy for the nation's future." FOE Scotland, RSPB, World Development Movement and WWF.</ref>
== Tóm lược về tiềm năng tài nguyên của Scotland ==
▲In April 2010 permission was granted for four new hydro schemes totaling 6.7 MW capacity in the [[Loch Lomond and The Trossachs National Park]].<ref>[http://www.scotland.gov.uk/News/Releases/2010/04/20104605 "Hydro schemes approved"] Scottish Government. Retrieved 29 May 2010.</ref>
== Summary of Scotland's resource potential ==
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align: center;" align="center"
!Công nghệ
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'''Table notes'''
'''a.''' {{Note_label|A|a|none}} Note on 'installed capacity' and 'potential energy'. The former is an estimate of the maximum productive output of a given technology or individual generation station at a single point in time. The latter takes into account the likely intermittency of energy supply and is a measure of output over a period of time. Thus, for example, individual wind turbines may have a 'capacity factor' of between 15% and 45% depending on their location, with a higher capacity factor giving a greater potential energy output for a given installed capacity. The 'potential energy' column is thus an estimate based on a variety of assumptions including the installed capacity. Although 'potential energy' is in some ways a more useful method of comparing the current output and future potential of different technologies, using it would require cumbersome explanations of all the assumptions involved in each example, so installed capacity figures are generally used.
'''b.''' Table notes and sources:
:<small>Total capacity from all sources in 2006 was estimated at 10.3 GW<ref name=SRF4/> and 9.8 GW.<ref name=SER/> It is estimated by RSPB Scotland et al. (February 2006)<ref name=Pow/> that electricity output would decline from the current total of 50 TWh per annum to about a third of this figure by 2020 due to decommissioning of existing non-renewable capacity if no new capacity was installed. In 2006 total energy demand was 177.8 TWh.<ref>[http://www.scottishrenewables.com/MultimediaGallery/55859f4e-a909-4f2b-b0b4-9c740c5346c3.pdf Delivering the New Generation of Energy] (PDF). Scottish Renewables. ISBN 0-95533750-05 Retrieved on 6 April 2007.</ref> Electricity makes up 20% of total energy use, but about 15 TWh are exported or lost in transmission.<ref name=Pow/></small>
:<small>All figures above are from RSPB Scotland et al. (February 2006)<ref name=Pow/> except as otherwise identified below. The main source assumes grid capacity is available. Without this the potential drops significantly to circa 33 TWh.</small>
:<small>Current renewable capacity source for Hydro, Wind, Tidal and Wave (May 2010 figures):<ref>[http://www.scottishrenewables.com/ "Home"] Scottish Renewables. Retrieved 29 May 2010.</ref></small>
:<small>Current renewable capacity source for Wood (2008 figures):<ref name=lead/></small>
:<small>Current renewable capacity source for Wave and Landfill gas (2006 figure):<ref name=SRF33>{{cite web|url=http://www.scottishrenewables.com/MultimediaGallery/c503375c-2661-49bb-889e-08db2083967b.pdf|title=Green Energy Awards—Review No.33|month=December | year=2006|publisher=Scottish Renewables|format=pdf|accessdate=2007-04-19}}From this document 'Energy from Waste' is recorded as 61 MW.</ref></small>
:<small>The tidal potential of the Pentland Firth alone is estimated elsewhere at over 10 GW.<ref name= Marine/></small>
:<small>Potential hydro production source: extrapolated from 2004 data in<ref name=restats/></small>
:<small>Potential wood production source:<ref name=SEwood/></small>
:<small>Potential geothermal energy source:<ref name=SPICe/></small>
:<small>Potential biomass energy is also estimated at 13.5 TWh<ref name=SPICe/></small>
:<small>Potential solar energy source:<ref name=SPICe/></small>
:<small>Potential Energy: '?' indicates an unsourced estimate based on potential capacity. Conversely, geothermal potential capacity is estimated from potential output.</small>
:<small>Micro generation (including solar) is estimated as having the potential of producing up to 40% of current electrical demand by 2050 i.e. circa 14 TWh.<ref name=SDC06/> The above figures assume 12% by 2020.</small>
:<small>Blank entries mean no data is available. In the cases of the current capacity of biomass, biodiesel and geothermal these will have been very small.</small>
== See also ==
{{portal box|Energy|Renewable energy|Scotland}}
<div style="-moz-column-count:2; column-count:2">
'''Scotland'''
* [[Forum for Renewable Energy Development in Scotland]]
* [[Community Energy Scotland]]
* [[List of power stations in Scotland]]
* [[Sustainable development in Scotland]]
* [[Climate change in Scotland]]
'''Europe'''
* [[Oil phase-out in Sweden]]
* [[Renewable energy in the European Union]]
'''Global'''
* [[World energy resources and consumption]]
* [[List of renewable energy topics by country]]
* [[Renewable energy development]]
* [[Hydrogen economy]]
* [[Global warming]]
* [[Greenhouse effect]]
* [[Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change]]
</div>
== Main references ==
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