Khác biệt giữa bản sửa đổi của “Các vụ thảm sát chống Cộng sản”
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Một tòa án Argentina sau đó đã lên án tội ác của chính phủ như là tội ác chống lại nhân loại và tội diệt chủng.<ref>La Nación, ngày 19 tháng 9 năm 2006. Condenaron a Etchecolatz a reclusión perpetua.</ref>
=== El Salvador ===
==== 1932 Salvadoran peasant massacre ====
In 1932, a communist-led insurrection against the government of [[Maximiliano Hernández Martínez]] was brutally suppressed, resulting in the death of 30,000 peasants.<ref>''Cold War's Last Battlefield, The: Reagan, the Soviets, and Central America'' by Edward A. Lynch State University of New York Press 2011, p. 49.</ref>
==== Salvadoran Civil War ====
{{See also|El Mozote massacre}}
The [[Salvadoran Civil War]] (1979–1992) was a conflict between the [[military]]-led government of [[El Salvador]] and a coalition of five left-wing guerrilla organizations that was known collectively as the [[Farabundo Martí National Liberation Front]] (FMLN). A coup on 15 October 1979 led to the killings of anti-coup protesters by the government as well as anti-disorder protesters by the guerrillas and it is widely seen as the tipping point toward civil war.<ref>{{cite book|last=Wood|first=Elizabeth|title=Insurgent Collective Action and Civil War in El Salvador|year=2003|publisher=Cambridge University Press|location=Cambridge}}</ref>
By January 1980, the left-wing political organizations united to form the Coordinated Revolutionaries of the Masses (CRM). A few months later, the left-wing armed groups united to form the Unified Revolutionary Directorate (DRU). It was renamed the FMLN<ref name="ucdp.uu.se">[[Uppsala Conflict Data Program]] Conflict Encyclopedia, El Salvador, In Depth: Negotiating a settlement to the conflict, http://www.ucdp.uu.se/gpdatabase/gpcountry.php?id=51®ionSelect=4-Central_Americas#, viewed on 24 May 2013</ref> following its merger with the [[Communist Party of El Salvador|Communist Party]] in October 1980.
The full-fledged civil war lasted for more than 12 years and saw extreme violence from both sides. It also included the deliberate terrorizing and targeting of civilians by [[death squads]], the recruitment of [[child soldiers]] and other violations of [[human rights]], mostly by the military.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|last=Larsen|first=Neil|editor-first=Greg & Gilbert|editor-last=Grandin & Joseph|encyclopedia=A Century of Revolution|title=Thoughts on Violence and Modernity in Latin America|year=2010|publisher=Duke University Press|location=Durham and London|isbn=|pages=381–393}}</ref> An unknown number of people "disappeared" during the conflict and the United Nations reports that more than 75,000 were killed.<ref>[http://www.derechos.org/nizkor/salvador/informes/truth.html "Report of the UN Truth Commission on El Salvador"] United Nations, 1 April 1993</ref> The United States contributed to the conflict by providing large amounts of military aid to the government of El Salvador during the [[Presidency of Jimmy Carter|Carter]]<ref>[[Uppsala Conflict Data Program]] Conflict Encyclopedia, El Salvador, In Depth: Negotiating a settlement to the conflict, http://www.ucdp.uu.se/gpdatabase/gpcountry.php?id=51®ionSelect=4-Central_Americas#, "While nothing of the aid delivered from the US in 1979 was earmarked for security purposes the 1980 aid for security only summed US$6,2 million, close to two-thirds of the total aid in 1979", viewed on 24 May 2013</ref> and [[Presidency of Ronald Reagan|Reagan]] administrations.
=== Guatemala ===
{{see also|Guatemalan genocide}}
Massacres, forced disappearances, torture and summary executions of guerrillas and especially civilian collaborators of the communist{{sfn|McAllister2010|pp=280-281}} [[Guerrilla Army of the Poor]] at the hands of United States-backed security forces had been widespread since 1965. It was a longstanding policy of the military regime and known by United States officials.<ref>[http://www.nydailynews.com/latino/group-files-show-u-s-knew-guatemala-abuses-article-1.368198 Group says files show U.S. knew of Guatemala abuses]. The [[Associated Press]] via the ''[[New York Daily News]]'', 19 March 2009. Retrieved 29 October 2016.</ref> A report from 1984 discussed "the murder of thousands by a military government that maintains its authority by terror".<ref>Guatemala: A Nation of Prisoners, An Americas Watch Report, January 1984, pp. 2–3.</ref> [[Human Rights Watch]] described extraordinarily cruel actions by the armed forces, mostly against unarmed civilians.<ref name="hrw.org">{{cite press release|url=http://hrw.org//backgrounder/americas/guatemala101603.htm|title=Human Rights Testimony Given Before the United States Congressional Human Rights Caucus|publisher=Human Rights Watch|date=16 October 2003|accessdate=3 September 2009}}</ref>
The repression reached genocidal levels in the predominantly indigenous northern provinces where guerrillas of the [[Guerrilla Army of the Poor]] operated. There, the Guatemalan military viewed the Maya, traditionally seen as subhumans, as being supportive of the guerillas and began a campaign of wholesale killings and disappearances of Mayan peasants. While massacres of Indigenous peasants had occurred earlier in the war, the systematic use of terror against the Indigenous population began around 1975 and peaked during the first half of the 1980s. An estimated 200,000 Guatemalan civilians were killed during the [[Guatemalan Civil War]] – 93% by government forces – including at least 40,000 persons who "disappeared". Of the 42,275 individual cases of killing and "disappearances" documented by the CEH, 83% of the victims were Maya and 17% [[Ladino people|Ladino]] meaning that by applying these proportions to the estimated 200,000 civilians killed and disappeared in the [[Guatemalan Civil War]] overall it can be inferred that up to 166,000 [[Maya peoples|Maya]] and 34,000 [[Ladino people|Ladino]] were killed or disappeared in the genocide.<ref name ="GHCC">83% of the "fully identified" 42,275 civilians killed by human rights violations during the Guatemalan Civil War were Mayan and 17% Ladino. This estimate come from applying the 83% and 17% proportions to the 200,000 disappeared and killed during total war < See {{harvnb|CEH|1999|p=17}}, and {{cite web|date=1 March 1999|title=Press Briefing: Press conference by members of the Guatemala Historical Clarification Commission|work=United Nations|url=https://www.un.org/press/en/1999/19990301.guate.brf.html|accessdate=13 August 2016}}</ref>
==Tại Chile==
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