Khác biệt giữa bản sửa đổi của “Các vụ thảm sát chống Cộng sản”
Nội dung được xóa Nội dung được thêm vào
Dòng 82:
==Tại Tây Ban Nha==
In [[Spain]], the [[White Terror (Spain)|White Terror]] (or the "Francoist Repression") refers to the atrocities committed by the [[Nationalist faction (Spanish Civil War)|Nationalists]] during the [[Spanish Civil War]] as well as the atrocities that were committed afterwards in [[Francoist Spain]].<ref name="beevor">[[Beevor, Antony]]. ''The Battle for Spain; The Spanish Civil War 1936–1939'' (Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 2006), pp.89–94.</ref>
Most historians agree that the death toll of the White Terror was higher than that of the [[Red Terror (Spain)|Red Terror]]. While most estimates of Red Terror deaths range from 38,000<ref>Beevor, Antony. ''The Battle for Spain; The Spanish Civil War 1936–1939''. Penguin Books. 2006. London. p.87</ref> to 55,000,<ref name="Thomas, Hugh 2001. p.900">Thomas, Hugh. ''The Spanish Civil War.'' Penguin Books. London. 2001. p.900</ref> most estimates of White Terror deaths range from 150,000<ref>Casanova, Julían; Espinosa, Francisco; Mir, Conxita; Moreno Gómez, Francisco. ''Morir, matar, sobrevivir. La violencia en la dictadura de Franco.'' Editorial Crítica. Barcelona. 2002. p.8</ref> to 400,000.<ref>Richards, Michael. A Time of Silence: Civil War and the Culture of Repression in Franco's Spain, 1936-1945. Cambridge University Press. 1998. p.11</ref>
Concrete figures do not exist because many communists and socialists fled Spain after losing the Civil War. Furthermore, the Francoist government destroyed thousands of documents related to the White Terror<ref>Preston, Paul. ''The Spanish Civil War. Reaction, revolution & revenge.'' Harper Perennial. 2006. London. p.316</ref><ref>Espinosa, Francisco. ''La justicia de Queipo.'' Editorial Crítica. 2006. Barcelona. p.4</ref><ref>Espinosa, Francisco. ''Contra el olvido. Historia y memoria de la guerra civil.'' Editorial Crítica. 2006. Barcelona. p.131</ref> and tried to hide evidence which revealed its executions of the Republicans.<ref>Fontana, Josep, ed. ''España bajo el franquismo.'' Editorial Crítica. 1986. Barcelona. p.22</ref><ref>Espinosa, Francisco. ''La justicia de Queipo.'' Editorial Crítica. 2006. Barcelona. pp.172–173</ref> Thousands of victims of the White Terror are buried in hundreds of unmarked common graves, more than 600 in Andalusia alone.<ref>Moreno Gómez, Francisco. ''1936: el genocidio franquista en Córdoba.'' Editorial Crítica. Barcelona. 2008. p.11</ref> The largest common grave is that at San Rafael cemetery on the outskirts of Malaga (with perhaps more than 4,000 bodies).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.theolivepress.es/2009/04/02/a-chilling-summer/|title=A chilling summer - Olive Press News Spain|author=|date=|website=www.theolivepress.es|accessdate=19 April 2018}}</ref> The [[Association for the Recovery of Historical Memory]] (''Asociación para la Recuperación de la Memoria Historica'' or ARMH)<ref>[http://www.archaeology.org/0609/abstracts/franco.html] "Opening Franco's Graves", by Mike Elkin ''Archaeology'' Volume 59 Number 5, September/October 2006. [[Archaeological Institute of America]]</ref> says that the number of [[forced disappearance|disappeared]] is over 35,000.<ref>Silva, Emilio. ''Las fosas de Franco. Crónica de un desagravio.'' Ediciones Temas de Hoy. 2006. Madrid. p. 110</ref>
According to the Platform for Victims of Disappearances Enforced by Francoism, 140,000 people were missing, including victims of the Spanish Civil War and the subsequent Francoist Spain.<ref>http://www.elmundo.es/elmundo/2008/09/22/espana/1222093274.html "Garzón recibe más de 140.000 nombres de desaparecidos en la Guerra Civil y la dictadura respecto de las que todavía se continúa desconociendo su paradero". El Mundo, 22 de septiembre de 2008.</ref><ref>http://www.publico.es/actualidad/al-menos-88-000-victimas.html "Al menos 88.000 víctimas del franquismo continúan sepultadas en fosas comunes." Público, 30 de agosto de 2012.</ref> It has come to mention that Spain is the second country in the world in number of disappeared whose remains have not been recovered nor identified after [[Cambodia]].<ref>http://www.diariodelaltoaragon.es/NoticiasDetalle.aspx?Id=796901 "España es el segundo país con más desaparecidos después de Camboya". Diario del Alto Aragón, 1 de marzo de 2013</ref>
== Tại Thái Lan ==
| |||