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==Tham khảo==
{{Reflist|30em|refs=
<ref name=formenti>{{Cite journal|title=The first humans traveling on ice: an energy-saving strategy?|journal = Biological Journal of the Linnean Society|volume = 93|pages = 1–7|first=Federico|last=Formenti|first2=Alberto E.|last2=Minett|doi=10.1111/j.1095-8312.2007.00991.x|year = 2007}}</ref>
<ref name=PT0512>{{Cite journal|url=http://lptms.u-psud.fr/membres/trizac/Ens/L3FIP/Ice.pdf|title=Why is ice slippery? |first=Robert|last=Rosenberg|journal=[[Physics Today]]|volume=58 |issue=12 |pages=50–54|date=December 2005|access-date=15 February 2009|doi=10.1063/1.2169444|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140223210434/http://lptms.u-psud.fr/membres/trizac/Ens/L3FIP/Ice.pdf|archivedate=23 February 2014}}</ref>
<ref name=Scipost>{{Cite journal|url=https://scipost.org/SciPostPhys.3.6.042|title=Skating on slippery ice |first=J.M.J.|last=van Leeuwen|journal=Scipost|volume=03 |pages=043|date=23 December 2017|doi=10.21468/SciPostPhys.3.6.042|deadurl=no}}</ref>
<ref name=EPN>{{Cite journal|url=https://www.europhysicsnews.org/articles/epn/abs/2019/01/epn2019501p28/epn2019501p28.html|title=Skating on slippery ice |first1=T.H.|last1=Oosterkamp|first2=T.|last2=Boudewijn|first3=J.M.J.|last3=van Leeuwen|journal=Europhysics News|volume=50 |pages=028|date=12 February 2019|doi=10.1051/epn/2019104|deadurl=no}}</ref>
<ref name=pdo130220>{{cite news|url=http://en.people.cn/102774/8135494.html |title='Imperial' ice skating|work=People's Daily Online|date=20 February 2013|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160317003728/http://en.people.cn/102774/8135494.html |archivedate=17 March 2016}}</ref>
<ref name=nyt060221>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2006/02/21/science/21ice.html?pagewanted=all|title=Explaining Ice: The Answers Are Slippery|first=Kenneth|last=Chang|work=[[The New York Times]]|date=21 February 2006|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081211055112/https://www.nytimes.com/2006/02/21/science/21ice.html?pagewanted=all|archivedate=11 December 2008}}</ref>
<ref name=SS97>{{cite journal|title=Molecular surface structure of ice(0001 ): dynamical low-energy electron diffraction, total-energy calculations and molecular dynamics simulations|journal=Surface Science|volume=381|issue=2–3|pages=190–210|date=10 June 1997 |first=G.A.|last=Somorjai|quote=Most studies so far were performed at temperatures well above 240 K (–33 °C) and report the presence of a liquid or quasiliquid layer on ice. Those studies that went below this temperature do not suggest a liquid-like layer.|doi=10.1016/S0039-6028(97)00090-3}}</ref>
<ref name=PPG121223>{{cite news|url=https://www.post-gazette.com/stories/local/neighborhoods-city/the-cold-hard-facts-pitt-physics-professor-explains-the-science-of-skating-across-the-ice-667487/|title=Pitt physics professor explains the science of skating across the ice|first=Mark |last=Roth |work=[[Pittsburgh Post-Gazette]] |date = 23 December 2012|quote=It used to be thought ... that the reason skaters can glide gracefully across the ice is because the pressure they exert on the sharp blades creates a thin layer of liquid on top of the ice... More recent research has shown, though, that this property isn't why skaters can slide on the ice... It turns out that at the very surface of the ice, water molecules exist in a state somewhere between a pure liquid and a pure solid. ''It's not exactly water -- but it's like water. The atoms in this layer are 100,000 times more mobile than the atoms [deeper] in the ice, but they're still 25 times less mobile than atoms in water. So it's like proto-water, and that's what we're really skimming on.''|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130113021010/https://www.post-gazette.com/stories/local/neighborhoods-city/the-cold-hard-facts-pitt-physics-professor-explains-the-science-of-skating-across-the-ice-667487/|archivedate=13 January 2013}}</ref>
<ref name=explorat>{{cite web|url=https://www.exploratorium.edu/hockey/ice2.html|title=Slippery All the Time|publisher=[[Exploratorium]] |quote=Professor Somorjai's findings indicate that ice itself is slippery. You don't need to melt the ice to skate on it, or need a layer of water as a lubricant to help slide along the ice... the "quasi-fluid" or "water-like" layer exists on the surface of the ice and may be thicker or thinner depending on temperature. At about 250 degrees below zero Fahrenheit (–157 °C), the ice has a slippery layer one molecule thick. As the ice is warmed, the number of these slippery layers increases.|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120719170256/https://www.exploratorium.edu/hockey/ice2.html|archivedate=19 July 2012|deadurl=no}}</ref>
<ref name=SN9612>{{cite news|url=https://news.sciencemag.org/sciencenow/1996/12/09-04.html|title=Getting a Grip on Ice|author=Science News Staff |website=Science NOW|date=9 December 1996|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130528045227/https://news.sciencemag.org/sciencenow/1996/12/09-04.html|archivedate=28 May 2013}}</ref>
}}
*[http://jeb.biologists.org/cgi/content/abstract/210/10/1825 Formenti F. and Minetti A.E. (2007) Human locomotion on ice: the evolution of ice skating energetics through history]
*[https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/j.1095-8312.2007.00991.x Formenti F. and Minetti A.E. (2008) The first humans travelling on ice: an energy saving strategy?] ice skating.
==Liên kết ngoài==
{{Commons category|Ice skating}}
{{Wiktionary|ice skating}}
{{Wikivoyage}}
* {{dmoz|Sports/Skating/Ice_Skating/|Ice skating}}
* [https://www.skridsko.net/klubbar/data/science.html Scientific Papers]
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