Khác biệt giữa bản sửa đổi của “Thành viên:Phattainguyen23/Alex (vẹt)”

Some in the scientific community are skeptical of Pepperberg's findings, pointing to Alex's communications as [[operant conditioning]].<ref name="Chandler"/> Critics point to the case of [[Clever Hans]], a horse who could apparently count, but who was actually understanding subtle cues from the questioner. In another case, [[Nim Chimpsky]], a chimpanzee, was thought to be using language, but there is some debate over whether he simply imitated his teacher.<ref name="smith"/> Herbert Terrace, who worked with Nim Chimpsky, says he thinks Alex performed by [[Rote learning|rote]] rather than by using language; he calls Alex's responses "a complex discriminating performance", adding that in every situation, "there is an external stimulus that guides his response."<ref name="smith"/> However, supporters of Alex say he was able to talk to and perform for anyone involved in the project as well as complete strangers who recorded findings, though such interactions do not involve the strict conditions required to exclude rote and operant responding.<ref name="The_Economist_obit" />

 

{{Portal|Biography|Birds|Language|Psychology}}

{{Columns-list|colwidth=30em|