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'''Gaspard Monge, Comtebá detước Péluse''' ([[9 tháng 5]] năm [[1746]] <ref>[http://www.archives.cotedor.fr/jahia/Jahia/archives.cotedor.fr/site/adco/pid/3792 Archives Départementales de la Côte d'or] registre paroissial de Beaune 1745-1746, FRAD021_057_MI05R027, vue n° 174</ref> – [[28 tháng 7]] năm [[1818]]) là một [[nhà toán học]], [[nhà cách mạng]] người [[Pháp]] và được coi là cha đẻ của [[hình học hoạ hình]]. Trong cuộc [[Cách mạng Pháp]], ông đã tham gia vào việc cải cách toàn bộ hệ thống giáo dục, thành lập [[Trường Bách khoa Paris]]. Ông cũng từng là bộ trưởng Thuỷ quân trong thời gian diễn ra cuộc cách mạng.
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== Thời niên thiếu ==
Monge sinh tại [[Beaune]], [[Côte-d'Or]]. HeÔng wastốt firstnghiệp educatedtrường atdành thecho collegecộng ofđồng theCông giáo dòng [[OratoriansDòng Các cha diễn thuyết|Các cha diễn thuyết]] attại Beaune, andsau thenđó intốt theirnghiệp collegetrường attrung học của dòng này ở [[Lyon]]. -Tại wheređó, atvào sixteennăm 16 tuổi, onechỉ yearmột afternăm hesau hadkhi begunbắt studyingđầu học [[physicsvật lý]], heông wasđã madelà antrợ instructorgiảng. Returning to Beaune for a vacation, he made a large scale plan of the town, inventing the methods of observation and constructing the necessary instruments; the plan was presented to the town, and preserved in their library. An officer of engineers seeing it wrote to recommend Monge to the commandant of the military school at [[Charleville-Mézières|Mézières]], and he was received as a [[technical drawing|draftsman]] and pupil in the practical school attached to that institution; due to the aristocratic nature of the school, he was not allowed admission to the institution itself. His manual skill was highly regarded. "I was a thousand times tempted," he said long afterwards, "to tear up my drawings in disgust at the esteem in which they were held, as if I had been good for nothing better."
An opportunity, however, presented itself: being required to work out from data supplied to him the [[defilade|defilading]] of a proposed fortress (an operation then only performed by a long arithmetical process), Monge, substituting for this a geometrical method, obtained the result so quickly that the commandant at first refused to receive it - the time necessary for the work had not been taken; but upon examination the value of the discovery was recognized, and the method was adopted. And Monge, continuing his researches, arrived at that general method of the application of geometry to the arts of construction which is now called descriptive geometry.
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