Martinus J. G. Veltman

Martinus Justinus Godefriedus "Tini" Veltman (phát âm tiếng Hà Lan: [mɑrˈtinʏʃʏsˈtinʏs xoːdəˈfridʏs ˈtini ˈvɛltmɑn]; 27 tháng 6, 1931 – 4 tháng 1, 2021) là nhà vật lý lý thuyết người Hà Lan. Ông được trao giải Nobel Vật lý năm 1999 cùng với cựu sinh viên tiến sĩ của mình là Gerardus 't Hooft cho nghiên cứu của họ về lý thuyết hạt và tương tác điện yếu.

Martinus J. G. Veltman
Veltman năm 2005
Sinh	Martinus Justinus Godefriedus Veltman (1931-06-27)27 tháng 6 năm 1931 Waalwijk, Hà Lan
Mất	4 tháng 1 năm 2021(2021-01-04) (89 tuổi) Bilthoven, Hà Lan
Quốc tịch	Hà Lan
Trường lớp	Đại học Utrecht
Giải thưởng	Giải Nobel Vật lý (1999)
Sự nghiệp khoa học
Ngành	Vật lý học
Nơi công tác	Đại học Michigan-Ann Arbor Đại học Utrecht
Các nghiên cứu sinh nổi tiếng	Gerardus 't Hooft Peter van Nieuwenhuizen Bernard de Wit

Tiểu sử

Martinus Justinus Godefriedus Veltman was born in Waalwijk, Netherlands, on 27 June 1931. His father was the head of the local primary school. Three of his father's siblings were primary school teachers. His mother's father was a contractor and also ran a café. He was the fourth child in a family with six children. He started studying mathematics and physics at Utrecht University in 1948.

As a youth he had a great interest in radio electronics, which was a difficult hobby to work on because the occupying German army had confiscated most of the available radio equipment.

In 1955, he became an assistant to Prof. Michels of the Van Der Waals laboratory in Amsterdam. Michels was an experimental physicist, working in high pressure physics. His primary task was the upkeep of a large library collection and occasional lecture preparations for Michels.

His research career advanced when he moved to Utrecht to work under Leon Van Hove in 1955. He received his MSc degree in 1956, after which he was drafted into military service for two years, returning in February 1959. Van Hove then hired him as a doctoral researcher, even though he was now 27 years old. He obtained his PhD degree in theoretical physics in 1963 and became professor at Utrecht University in 1966.

In 1960, Van Hove became director of the theory division at CERN in Geneva, Switzerland, the European High Energy laboratory. Veltman followed him there in 1961. Meanwhile, in 1960, he married his wife Anneke, who gave birth to their daughter Hélène in the Netherlands, before moving to Geneva to live with Martinus. Hélène followed in her father's footsteps and in due time completed her particle physics thesis with Mary Gaillard at Berkeley, though she now works in the financial industry in London.

In 1963/64, during an extended stay at SLAC he designed the computer program Schoonschip for symbolic manipulation of mathematical equations, which is now considered the very first computer algebra system. Veltman continued to be interested in using computers to solve physics problems, meeting with Stephen Wolfram in 1979 to provide inspiration for Symbolic Manipulation Program, a precursor to Mathematica.

Veltman was closely involved in the 1963 CERN neutrino experiment, analyzing images as they were generated by the detectors. When no spectacular events came out, enthusiasm waned, and after a while Veltman and Bernardini were the only ones analyzing the images. As a result, Veltman became the spokesman for the group at the Brookhaven Conference in 1963.

In 1971, Gerardus 't Hooft, who was completing his PhD under the supervision of Veltman, renormalized Yang–Mills theory. They showed that if the symmetries of Yang–Mills theory were to be realized in the spontaneously broken mode, referred to as the Higgs mechanism, then Yang–Mills theory can be renormalized. Renormalization of Yang–Mills theory is a major achievement of twentieth century physics.

In 1980, Veltman became member of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences. In 1981, Veltman left Utrecht University for the University of Michigan-Ann Arbor, from where he retired in 1996. He subsequently moved back to the Netherlands.

Eventually, he shared the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1999 with 't Hooft, "for elucidating the quantum structure of electroweak interactions in physics". Veltman and 't Hooft joined in the celebrations at Utrecht University when the prize was awarded.

In 2003, Veltman published a book about particle physics for a broad audience, entitled Facts and Mysteries in Elementary Particle Physics.

On 4 January 2021, Veltman died in his home in Bilthoven, the Netherlands.

Asteroid 9492 Veltman is named in his honor.

Các ấn phẩm

• Veltman, M. "Perturbation Theory of Massive Yang-Mills Fields", Utrecht Rijksuniversiteit (Netherlands). Instituut voor Theoretische Fysica. Paris Univ., Orsay (France). Laboratoire de Physique Théorique et Hautes Energies, (Aug. 1968).
• Veltman, M. & J. Yellin. "Some Comments on the Decays of eta (550)", Brookhaven National Laboratory, United States Department of Energy (through predecessor agency the Atomic Energy Commission), July 1966.
• Veltman, M. Facts and Mysteries in Elementary Particle Physics, World Scientific Publishing, 2003. ISBN 981-238-149-X.

Liên kết ngoài

• Bài giảng giải Nobel ngày 8 tháng 12 năm 1999, From Weak Interactions to Gravitation
• University of Michigan Page
• Freeview video 'An Interview with Martinus Veltman' by the Vega Science Trust
• Freeview video 'Why do we need a linear collider'
• Martinus J. G. Veltman on INSPIRE-HEP
• Tini Veltman (1931–2021): From Assembly Language to a Nobel Prize