Khác biệt giữa bản sửa đổi của “Soka Gakkai”

Mặc dù Ikeda đã thành công trong việc đưa nhóm tiến tới chấp nhận chính thống, nhưng nó vẫn bị nghi ngờ ở Nhật Bản và bị lôi kéo vào các cuộc tranh luận công khai, đặc biệt là trong ba thập kỷ đầu sau [[thế chiến II]].<ref name=religionsworld>{{chú thích sách|title=Religions of the world: a comprehensive encyclopedia of beliefs and practices|url=https://archive.org/details/religionsworldvo00melt|year=2010|publisher=ABC-CLIO|location=Santa Barbara, California|isbn=978-1598842036|edition= 2nd| editor-last = Melton| editor-first = J. Gordon| editor2-last = Baumann| editor2-first = Martin|pages=[https://archive.org/details/religionsworldvo00melt/page/2656 2656]–2659}}</ref><ref>Phillip E. Hammond and David W. Machacek, "Soka Gakkai International" in J. Gordon Melton, Martin Baumann (eds.), Religions of the World: A Comprehensive Encyclopedia of Beliefs and Practices, ABC-CLIO, 2010, p. 2658. "Daisaku Ikeda (b. 1928), Soka Gakkai's charismatic third president, led the international growth of the movement. Although Ikeda and his successor, Einosuke Akiya, have gone to great lengths to improve the movement's public image, suspicion remains. Soka Gakkai's political involvement through the organ of the Komeito, a political party founded by the Soka Gakkai, and the near godlike reverence that members have for President Ikeda have tended to perpetuate public distrust. Although it has been subjected to a generalized suspicion toward Eastern religious movements in the United States, Europe, and South America, the movement's history outside of Japan has been tranquil by comparison to its Japanese history."</ref><ref name="wellman">{{chú thích sách|editor-last=Wellman, Jr.|editor-first=James K.|title=Religion and human security: a global perspective|url=https://archive.org/details/religionandh_xxxx_2012_000_10856028|publisher=Oxford University Press|location=New York|isbn=978-0199827756|page=[https://archive.org/details/religionandh_xxxx_2012_000_10856028/page/n285 272]|editor2-last=Lombardi|editor2-first=Clark B.|date = ngày 16 tháng 8 năm 2012}} "When I conducted a survey of 235 Doshisha University students a few years ago asking their opinions about the Gakkai and how much they knew about its peace education programs, over 80 percent responded that they had a negative image of the movement and about 60 percent thought that its 'peace movement' is little more than promotional propaganda. The few respondents with a positive image were either Soka Gakkai members, were related members, or were friends of members."</ref><ref>{{chú thích sách|last1=Seagar|first1=Richard|title=Encountering the Dharma: Daisaku Ikeda, the Soka Gakkai, and the Globalization of Buddhist Humanism|date=2006|publisher=University of California Press|isbn=978-0-52024577-8|quote=Since its founding in the 1930s, the SG has repeatedly found itself at the center of controversies, some linked to major struggles over the future of Japan, others to intense internal religious debates that erupted into public view. Over the course of its history, however, it has also grown into a large, politically active, and very well-established network of institutions, whose membership represents something on the order of a tenth of the Japanese population. One result is that there is a fractured view of the movement in Japan. On one hand, it is seen as a highly articulated, politically and socially engaged movement with an expressed message of human empowerment and global peace. On the other, it has been charged with an array of nefarious activities that range from fellow traveling with Communists and sedition to aspiring to world domination.|page=xii}}</ref><ref name=Lewis217>{{chú thích sách|last=Lewis|first=James R.|title=Scholarship and the Delegitimation of Religion in Legitimating new religions|year=2003|publisher=Rutgers University Press|location=New Brunswick, N.J.|isbn=978-0813533247|edition= [Online-Ausg.] |pages=217–218}} ""For over half a century, one of the most controversial new religions in Japan has been Soka Gakkai. Although this group has matured into a responsible member of society, its ongoing connection with reformist political activity served to keep it in the public eye. Until relatively recently, it also had a high profile as the result of sensationalist and often irresponsible media coverage. Apparently as a direct consequence of the social consensus against this religion, some scholars have felt free to pen harsh critiques of Soka Gakkai--critiques in which the goal of promoting understanding has been eclipsed by efforts to delegitimate Soka Gakkai by portraying it as deluded, wrong, and/or socially dangerous.&nbsp;... Soka Gakkai also spread to the United States and Europe, where it aroused controversy as a result of its intense proselytizing activities. Although it was never as controversial as groups like the Hare Krishna Movement or the Unification Church, Soka Gakkai—which in the United States went under the name Nichiren Shoshu of America after Soka Gakkai broke with Nichiren Shōshū—was not infrequently stereotyped as a brainwashing cult, particularly by anti-cult authors."</ref><ref>{{chú thích sách|editor-last=Beasley|editor-first=W. G.|title=Modern Japan: Aspects of History, Literature, and Society|url=https://archive.org/details/modernjapanaspec0000unse_g5s9|year=1977|publisher=University of California Press|location=Berkeley|isbn=978-0-520-03495-2|pages=[https://archive.org/details/modernjapanaspec0000unse_g5s9/page/190 190]–196}}<br/>{{chú thích sách|last=Hunt|first=Arnold D.|title=Japan's Militant Buddhism: A Survey of the Soka Gakkai Movement|year=1975|publisher=Salisbury College of Advanced Education|location=Salisbury East, S. Aust.|isbn=978-0909383060|pages=1–13}}<br/>{{chú thích sách|last=Kitagawa|first=Joseph M.|title=Religion in Japanese history|year=1990|publisher=Columbia University Press|location=New York|isbn=978-0231028387|pages=329–330|edition= [Reprint].}}</ref><ref name=brannenMilitant>{{chú thích sách|last=Brannen|first=Noah|title=Sōka Gakkai: Japan's militant Buddhists|year=1968|publisher=John Knox Press}}</ref> Từ năm 1952 đến năm 1991, nó đã có chung một liên kết với giáo phái Phật giáo Nichiren Shōshū.<ref>{{chú thích web|title=The Pioneer Days|url=http://www.nst.org/sgi-faqs/the-history-of-the-relationship-between-nichiren-shoshu-and-the-soka-gakkai/1-the-pioneer-days/|website=Nichiren Shoshu Temple|accessdate=ngày 5 tháng 10 năm 2015|archive-date=2018-08-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180827142350/https://www.nst.org/sgi-faqs/the-history-of-the-relationship-between-nichiren-shoshu-and-the-soka-gakkai/1-the-pioneer-days/}}</ref> [[Komeito]], một đảng chính trị trung hữu liên kết chặt chẽ với Soka Gakkai, đã gia nhập liên minh chính phủ cầm quyền năm 1999.▼