Ngoquangduong

# {{Infobox family|name=Borgia|dissolution={{End date|1748}}<ref>{{cite web |url=http://en.fundacionmedinaceli.org/casaducal/fichaindividuo.aspx?id=2529 |title=Mariana de Borja y Córdoba |publisher=Ducal House of Medinaceli Foundation |access-date=4 July 2016}}</ref>|estate=<!-- Residence, seat, etc. -->|motto_trans=|motto_lang=|motto=|distinctions={{ubl|[[Golden Rose]] (Papacy)|[[Order of Saint Michael]]}}|members={{ubl|[[Pope Callixtus III]]|[[Pope Alexander VI]]|[[Giovanni Borgia, 2nd Duke of Gandia|Giovanni Borgia]]|[[Cesare Borgia]]|[[Lucrezia Borgia]]|[[Francis Borgia, 4th Duke of Gandía|Francis Borgia]]}}|traditions=[[Catholic Church|Roman Catholicism]]|titles={{ubl|[[Pope]] (non-hereditary)|[[Duke of Gandía]]|{{Collapsible list|title=Gain and lost in 15-16th century|[[Prince of Piombino]] {{small|(1501{{ndash}}03)}}|[[Prince of Squillace]] {{small|(1494{{ndash}}1728)}}|[[Duke of Urbino]] {{small|(1501{{ndash}}03)}}|[[Duke of Romagna]] {{small|(1501{{ndash}}53)}}|[[Duke of Camerino]] {{small|(1501{{ndash}}48)}}|[[Duke of Valentinois]] {{small|(1498{{ndash}}53)}}|[[Count of Diois]] {{small|(1498{{ndash}}53)}}}}}}|final_ruler=María Ana, 12th Duchess of Gandía|current_head=R.N. Borja; took over 2020; direct line extinct {{cn|date=November 2020}}|native_name=Borja|founder=[[Pope Callixtus III]] (''de facto'')|founded={{Start date|1455}}|etymology=From the Spanish town of [[Borja, Zaragoza|Borja]]|country={{ubl|[[File:Royal Banner of Aragón.svg|25px]] [[Crown of Aragon]]|{{flag|Kingdom of Spain|bourbon}}|{{flag|Kingdom of France|valois}}|{{flag|Kingdom of Naples}}|{{flag|Papal States|old}}}}|coat_of_arms_caption=Arms of Borgia family{{pb}}(Or a bull gules upon a terrace vert in a bordure Or charged with eight flames vert.)|coat_of_arms_size=150px|coat_of_arms=Escudo de la familia Borja.svg|type=[[Black nobility|Papaline]] [[noble family]]|native_name_lang=Catalan|website=}}'''Gia đình Borgia''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|b|ɔr|(|d|)|ʒ|ə

}} {{respell|BOR|zhə|,_|BOR|jə}},<ref>[https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/us/Borgia,_Lucrezia "Borgia, Lucrezia"] (US) and {{Cite Oxford Dictionaries|Borgia, Lucrezia|access-date=14 May 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite American Heritage Dictionary|Borgia|access-date=14 May 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/borgias|title=Borgias, the|work=[[Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English]]|publisher=[[Longman]]|access-date=28 September 2019}}</ref> {{IPA-it|ˈbɔrdʒa|lang}}; [[Spanishtiếng language|SpanishTây Ban Nha]] andvà {{lang-an|Borja}} {{IPA-es|ˈboɾxa|}}; {{lang-ca-valencia|Borja}} {{IPA-ca|ˈbɔɾdʒa|}}) was a Spanish-[[Aragonese people|Aragonese]] noble family, which rose to prominence during the Italian [[Renaissance]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Borgia-family|title=Borgia Family - Italian family|website=[[Encyclopedia Britannica]]|access-date=2020-02-09}}</ref> They were from [[Aragon]], the surname being a [[Toponymic surname|toponymic]] from the town of [[Borja, Zaragoza|Borja]], then in the [[Crown of Aragon]], in [[Spain]]. The Borgias became prominent in ecclesiastical and political affairs in the 15th and 16th centuries, producing two popes: Alfons de Borja, who ruled as [[Pope Callixtus III]] during 1455&#x2013;1458, and Rodrigo Lanzol Borgia, as [[Pope Alexander VI]], during 1492&#x2013;1503. Especially during the reign of Alexander VI, they were suspected of many crimes, including [[adultery]], [[incest]], [[simony]], [[theft]], [[bribery]], and [[murder]] (especially murder by [[arsenic poisoning]]).<ref>''Arsenic: A Murderous History''. Dartmouth Toxic Metals Research Program, 2009</ref> Because of their grasping for power, they made enemies of the [[House of Medici|Medici]], the [[House of Sforza|Sforza]], and the Dominican friar [[Girolamo Savonarola]], among others. They were also [[patrons of the arts]] who contributed to the development of [[Renaissance art]]. The Borgia family stands out in history as being infamously steeped in sin and immorality, yet there is evidence to suggest that this one-dimensional characterization is a result of undeserved contemporary critiques.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.historytoday.com/history-matters/were-borgias-really-so-bad|title=Were the Borgias Really so Bad?|author=Alexander Lee|date=1 Oct 2013|website=History Today|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.historyrevealed.com/eras/medieval/in-a-nutshell-the-borgias/|title=In a nutshell: the Borgias|date=Oct 2015|website=History Revealed|language=en}}</ref>

== HistoryLịch sử ==

=== EarlyThời historykỳ đầu ===