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== Tác động ==
Mona O'Moore của Trung tâm chống bắt nạt tại Đại học Trinity ở Dublin đã viết: "Ngày càng có nhiều nghiên cứu chỉ ra rằng các cá nhân, bất kể là trẻ em hay người lớn (thường xuyên là đối tượng bị ngược đãi) có nguy cơ mắc bệnh liên quan đến stress, đôi khi có thể dẫn tới [[tự sát]]".<ref>{{chú thích web | title =Anti-Bullying Centre | work =Trinity College Dublin | url =http://www.abc.tcd.ie/ | access-date =2013-10-28 | url-status =dead | archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20131125190018/http://www.abc.tcd.ie/ | archive-date =2013-11-25 }}</ref> Những người từng là đối tượng bị bắt nạt có thể chịu những vấn đề về cảm xúc và hành vi lâu dài. Bắt nạt có thể gây [[cô đơn]], [[sầu|sầu muộn]], [[lo âu]], dẫn đến lòng [[tự trọng]] thấp và tăng khả năng nhiễm bệnh.<ref name="WilliamsForgas2013">{{chú thích sách|author1=Kipling D. Williams|author2=Joseph P. Forgas|author3=William Von Hippel|title=The Social Outcast: Ostracism, Social Exclusion, Rejection, and Bullying|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FHWhtvCm5LAC&pg=PR2|access-date=2013-10-29|date=13 May 2013|publisher=Psychology Press|isbn=978-1-135-42338-4|pages=2–|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140103014229/http://books.google.com/books?id=FHWhtvCm5LAC&pg=PR2|archive-date=3 tháng 1 năm 2014}}</ref> Bắt nạt cũng được cho là gây ra tình trạng bất thường ở trẻ nhỏ và những đối tượng bị bắt nạt, thậm chí những người tự bắt nạt chính họ còn phơi bày những vấn đề xã hội lớn hơn.<ref>{{chú thích tạp chí | author1= Burger, C. |author2= Bachmann, L. | year = 2021 | title = Perpetration and victimization in offline and cyber contexts: A variable- and person-oriented examination of associations and differences regarding domain-specific self-esteem and school adjustment. | journal = Int J Environ Res Public Health | volume = 18 | issue = 19 | doi = 10.3390/ijerph181910429 | pmid= 34639731 | url = https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8508291/pdf/ijerph-18-10429.pdf }}</ref><ref>{{chú thích tạp chí|last=Arsenault|first=Louise PhD|author2=Walsh, Elizabeth |author3=Trzesniewski, Kali |s2cid=28961503|title=Bullying Victimization Uniquely Contributes to Adjustment Problems in Young Children: A Nationally Representative Cohort Study|journal=Pediatrics|date=July 2006|volume=118|issue=1|pages=130–138|doi=10.1542/peds.2005-2388|issn=0031-4005|pmid=16818558|display-authors=etal}}</ref> Một báo cáo sức khỏe tâm thần còn phát hiện rằng bắt nạt có liên quan tới rối loạn ăn uống, lo âu, mặc cảm ngoại hình và gây những tác động tâm lý tiêu cực khác.<ref>{{chú thích web|title=UK Mental Health Study|url=https://www.brandwatch.com/reports/uk-mental-health-study/|website=Brandwatch|publisher=Brandwatch, Ditch the Label}}</ref> Cả những nạn nhân và kẻ bắt nạt đều được cho là thể hiện mức độ cô đơn cao hơn.<ref>{{chú thích tạp chí | author1= Burger, C. |author2= Bachmann, L. | year = 2021 | title = Perpetration and victimization in offline and cyber contexts: A variable- and person-oriented examination of associations and differences regarding domain-specific self-esteem and school adjustment. | journal = Int J Environ Res Public Health | volume = 18 | issue = 19 | doi = 10.3390/ijerph181910429 | pmid= 34639731 | url = https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8508291/pdf/ijerph-18-10429.pdf }}</ref>
Mona O'Moore of the Anti-Bullying Centre at Trinity College in Dublin, has written, "There is a growing body of research which indicates that individuals, whether child or adult, who are persistently subjected to abusive behavior are at risk of stress related illness which can sometimes lead to [[suicide]]"<ref>{{cite web | title =Anti-Bullying Centre | work =Trinity College Dublin | url =http://www.abc.tcd.ie/ | access-date =2013-10-28 | url-status =dead | archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20131125190018/http://www.abc.tcd.ie/ | archive-date =2013-11-25 }}</ref>
Those who have been the targets of bullying can suffer from long term emotional and behavioral problems. Bullying can cause [[loneliness]], [[Depression (mood)|depression]], [[anxiety]], lead to low [[self-esteem]] and increased susceptibility to illness.<ref name="WilliamsForgas2013">{{cite book|author1=Kipling D. Williams|author2=Joseph P. Forgas|author3=William Von Hippel|title=The Social Outcast: Ostracism, Social Exclusion, Rejection, and Bullying|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FHWhtvCm5LAC&pg=PR2|access-date=2013-10-29|date=13 May 2013|publisher=Psychology Press|isbn=978-1-135-42338-4|pages=2–|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140103014229/http://books.google.com/books?id=FHWhtvCm5LAC&pg=PR2|archive-date=3 January 2014}}</ref> Bullying has also been shown to cause maladjustment in young children, and targets of bullying who were also bullies themselves exhibit even greater social difficulties.<ref>
{{cite journal
| author1= Burger, C. |author2= Bachmann, L.
| year = 2021
| title = Perpetration and victimization in offline and cyber contexts: A variable- and person-oriented examination of associations and differences regarding domain-specific self-esteem and school adjustment.
| journal = Int J Environ Res Public Health | volume = 18
| issue = 19
| doi = 10.3390/ijerph181910429
| pmid= 34639731
| url = https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8508291/pdf/ijerph-18-10429.pdf
}}
</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last=Arsenault|first=Louise PhD|author2=Walsh, Elizabeth |author3=Trzesniewski, Kali |s2cid=28961503|title=Bullying Victimization Uniquely Contributes to Adjustment Problems in Young Children: A Nationally Representative Cohort Study|journal=Pediatrics|date=July 2006|volume=118|issue=1|pages=130–138|doi=10.1542/peds.2005-2388|issn=0031-4005|pmid=16818558|display-authors=etal}}</ref> A mental health report also found that bullying was linked to eating disorders, anxiety, body dysmorphia and other negative psychological effects.<ref>{{cite web|title=UK Mental Health Study|url=https://www.brandwatch.com/reports/uk-mental-health-study/|website=Brandwatch|publisher=Brandwatch, Ditch the Label}}</ref> Both vicitms and perpetrators have been shown to exhibit higher levels of loneliness.<ref>
{{cite journal
| author1= Burger, C. |author2= Bachmann, L.
| year = 2021
| title = Perpetration and victimization in offline and cyber contexts: A variable- and person-oriented examination of associations and differences regarding domain-specific self-esteem and school adjustment.
| journal = Int J Environ Res Public Health | volume = 18
| issue = 19
| doi = 10.3390/ijerph181910429
| pmid= 34639731
| url = https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8508291/pdf/ijerph-18-10429.pdf
}}
</ref>
=== Tự sát ===
{{Chính|Bắt nạt và tự sát}}
{{Main|Bullying and suicide|List of suicides that have been attributed to bullying}}
EvenMặc thoughdù therecó isbằng evidencechứng thatcho bullyingthấy increasesbắt thenạt risklàm oftăng suicidenguy cơ tự sát, bullyingnhưng alonechỉ doesmỗi notbắt causenạt suicidethì không gây tự sát. [[Depression (mood)Sầu|DepressionSầu muộn]] islà onemột oftrong thenhững mainnguyên reasonsnhân whychính kidsmà whotrẻ arenhỏ bulliedbị diebắt bynạt suicidetìm đến tự vẫn.<ref>{{CiteChú journalthích tạp chí|author=Kim YS |author2=Leventhal B |title=Bullying and suicide. A review |journal=International Journal of Adolescent Medicine and Health |volume=20 |issue=2 |pages=133–54 |year=2008 |pmid=18714552|doi=10.1515/IJAMH.2008.20.2.133 |s2cid=41651943 }}</ref> ItƯớc istính estimated that betweentừ 15 andđến 25 childrentrẻ dieem bytự suicidesát everymỗi yearnăm inchỉ thetính UKriêng aloneở becauseLiên theyhiệp areAnh beingvì bulliedchúng bị bắt nạt.<ref>[{{chú thích web|url=http://www.coastkid.org/si-sob.html|tiêu đề=Statistics on bullying] {{webarchive |url lưu trữ=https://web.archive.org/web/20050217152258/http://www.coastkid.org/si-sob.html |date=Februaryngày lưu trữ=17, tháng 2 năm 2005|work=Coast Kid}}</ref> CertainMột groupssố seemnhóm tocó incurnguy acơ highertự risksát for suicide,cao suchhơn asnhư [[IndigenousThổ peoplesdân of thechâu AmericasMỹ|Nativengười AmericanMỹ bản địa]]s, [[Alaskanngười Nativebản địa Alaska]]s, [[Asianngười AmericanMỹ gốc Á]]s, andvà [[LGBT]] people. WhenKhi someonemột feelsngười unsupportedcảm bythấy familykhông orđược friendsbạn bè hoặc gia đình ủng hộ, ittình canhình makecủa thenạn situationnhân muchcó worsethể fordiễn thebiến victimtệ hơn nhiều.<ref>[{{chú thích web|url=http://www.stopbullying.gov/at-risk/effects/#suicide|tiêu đề=Effects of Bullying | work=StopBullying.gov<!--|url Botlưu generated title -->] {{webarchive|urltrữ=https://web.archive.org/web/20151120072457/http://www.stopbullying.gov/at-risk/effects |datengày lưu trữ=2015-11-20 }}</ref>
InTrong amột self-reportnghiên studycứu completedtự inbáo cáo bởi các học sinh từ lớp 9 đến 12 ở New York, bynhững 9thnạn throughnhân 12thcủa graders,bắt victimsnạt ofcho bullyingbiết reportedcó morenhiều depressivetriệu symptomschứng andsầu psychologicalmuộn distressvà thantâm thoselý whođau didbuồn nothơn experiencenhững bullyingngười không trải qua việc bị bắt nạt.<ref>{{CiteChú journalthích tạp chí|last1=BRUNSTEIN KLOMEK|first1=ANAT | author-link1=Anat Brunstein Klomek |last2=MARROCCO|first2=FRANK|last3=KLEINMAN|first3=MARJORIE|last4=SCHONFELD|first4=IRVIN S.|last5=GOULD|first5=MADELYN S.|date=January 2007|title=Bullying, Depression, and Suicidality in Adolescents|journal=Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry|volume=46|issue=1|pages=40–49|doi=10.1097/01.chi.0000242237.84925.18|pmid=17195728|issn=0890-8567|url=https://academicworks.cuny.edu/cc_pubs/309}}</ref> AllTất typescả ofnhững involvementloại inhình bullyingbắt amongnạt bothở boyscả andcác girlsbé istrai associatedvà withgái depressioncó evenliên ahệ tới chứng sầu muộn, thậm chí một vài năm sau couplemới yearsphát latersinh.<ref name=":1">{{CiteChú journalthích tạp chí|last1=Kaltiala-Heino|first1=Riittakerttu|last2=Fröjd|first2=Sari|last3=Marttunen|first3=Mauri|date=2009-07-09|title=Involvement in bullying and depression in a 2-year follow-up in middle adolescence|journal=European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry|volume=19|issue=1|pages=45–55|doi=10.1007/s00787-009-0039-2|pmid=19588185|s2cid=23077909|issn=1018-8827|url=http://www.ssoar.info/ssoar/handle/document/20289}}</ref> AnotherMột studynghiên thatcứu followednữa upđược withtiến Finnishhành teensvới twocác yearsthanh afterthiếu theniên initialcủa surveyPhần showedLan thathai depressionnăm andsau suicidalcuộc ideationkhảo issát higherđầu withtiên teenscho whothấy arethanh bulliedthiếu thanniên thosecó whoý didđịnh nottự reportsát experiencingvà bullyingsầu muộn cao hơn những người cho biết chưa trải qua việc bị bắt nạt.<ref name=":1" /> AMột Dutchnghiên longitudinalcứu studylên oncác elementaryhọc studentssinh reportedtiểu thathọc boyscủa whoHà areLan bully-victims,theo whochiều playdọc bothbáo rolescáo ofrằng acác victimbé andtrai atừng bully,đóng werecả morevai likelytrò tonạn experiencenhân depressionlẫn orkẻ seriousbắt suicidalnạt ideationcó thannhiều thekhả othernăng roles,trải victimsqua orsầu bulliesmuộn onlyhoặc có ý tự sát nghiêm trọng hơn những người chỉ là nạn nhân hoặc kẻ bị bắt nạt, whiletrong girlskhi whocác havebé anygái involvementcó inbất bullyingkì havedính alíu highernào leveltới ofbắt risknạt forthì depressionsở hữu nguy cơ mắc sầu muộn ở mức cao hơn.<ref name=":2">{{CiteChú journalthích tạp chí|last1=Fekkes|first1=M.|last2=Pijpers|first2=F. I. M.|last3=Verloove-Vanhorick|first3=S. P.|date=2005-02-01|title=Bullying: who does what, when and where? Involvement of children, teachers and parents in bullying behavior|journal=Health Education Research|volume=20|issue=1|pages=81–91|doi=10.1093/her/cyg100|pmid=15253993|issn=0268-1153|doi-access=free}}</ref> InTrong amột studynghiên ofcứu highlên schoolcác studentshọc completedsinh intrung học được thực hiện tại Boston, studentsnhững whohọc selfsinh reportedtự beingcho victimsbiết ofmình bullyinglà werenạn morenhân likelycủa tobắt considernạt suicidecó whennhiều comparedkhả tonăng youthcân whonhắc tự tử khi so với những bạn không cho didbiết notmình reportbị beingbắt bulliednạt.<ref name=":3">{{CiteChú journalthích tạp chí|last1=Hepburn|first1=Lisa|last2=Azrael|first2=Deborah|last3=Molnar|first3=Beth|last4=Miller|first4=Matthew|date=July 2012|title=Bullying and Suicidal Behaviors Among Urban High School Youth|journal=Journal of Adolescent Health|volume=51|issue=1|pages=93–95|doi=10.1016/j.jadohealth.2011.12.014|pmid=22727083|issn=1054-139X}}</ref> Cũng nghiên cứu này cho thấy The same study also showed a higher risk of suicidal consideration in youth who report being a perpetrator, victim, or victim-perpetrator. Victims and victim-bullies are associated with a higher risk of suicide attempts. The place where youth live also appears to differentiate their bullying experiences such that those living in more urban areas who reported both being bullied and bullying others appear to show higher risk of suicidal ideation and suicide attempts.<ref name=":3" /> A national survey given to American 6th through 10th grade students found that cyberbullying victims experience a higher level of depression than victims experiencing other forms of bullying. This can be related to the anonymity behind social media.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Wang|first1=Jing|last2=Nansel|first2=Tonja R.|last3=Iannotti|first3=Ronald J.|date=April 2011|title=Cyber and Traditional Bullying: Differential Association With Depression|journal=Journal of Adolescent Health|volume=48|issue=4|pages=415–417|doi=10.1016/j.jadohealth.2010.07.012|issn=1054-139X|pmc=3058261|pmid=21402273}}</ref> If a teen is being bullied and is displaying symptoms of depression it should be questioned and interventions should be implemented.<ref name=":1" /> The Danish study showed that kids who are bullied talked to their parents and teachers about it and some reported a decrease in bullying or a stop in the bullying after a teacher or parent intervened. The study emphasizes the importance of implementing program-collaborations in schools to have programs and anti-bullying interventions in place to prevent and properly intervene when it occurs.<ref name=":2" /> The study also shows the importance of having parents and teachers talk to the bullies about their bullying behavior in order to provide the necessary support for those experiencing bullying.<ref name=":2" />
While some people find it very easy to ignore a bully, others may find it very difficult and reach a breaking point. There have been cases of apparent bullying suicides that have been reported closely by the media. These include the deaths of [[Suicide of Ryan Halligan|Ryan Halligan]], [[Suicide of Phoebe Prince|Phoebe Prince]], [[Suicide of Dawn-Marie Wesley|Dawn-Marie Wesley]], [[Suicide of Nicola Ann Raphael|Nicola Ann Raphael]], [[Suicide of Megan Meier|Megan Meier]], [[Suicide of Audrie Pott|Audrie Pott]], [[Suicide of Tyler Clementi|Tyler Clementi]], [[Suicide of Jamey Rodemeyer|Jamey Rodemeyer]], [[Suicide of Kenneth Weishuhn|Kenneth Weishuhn]], [[Suicide of Jadin Bell|Jadin Bell]], [[Suicide of Kelly Yeomans|Kelly Yeomans]], [[Suicide of Rehtaeh Parsons|Rehtaeh Parsons]], [[Suicide of Amanda Todd|Amanda Todd]], [[Brodie's Law (act)|Brodie Panlock]],<ref name="fine">{{cite web |url=http://www.dailytelegraph.com.au/men-who-tormented-suicide-waitress-brodie-panlock-fined/news-story/45a1de04af03cae09f0b6afc9ebd76c2 | title=Men who tormented suicide waitress Brodie Panlock fined |website=dailytelegraph.com.au | access-date=14 August 2017| date=2010-02-08 }}</ref> Jessica Haffer,<ref>{{cite web | title =Jessica Kassandra Haffer | publisher =Keith & Jeralyn Haffer | url =http://www.jessicahaffer.com/ | access-date =2013-10-28 | url-status =live | archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20140104102027/http://jessicahaffer.com/ | archive-date =2014-01-04 }}</ref> [[Suicide of Hamed Nastoh|Hamed Nastoh]],<ref>{{cite web | title =Hamed Nastoh | url =http://www.angelfire.com/bc2/hamed/ | access-date =2013-10-28 | url-status =live | archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20131029222924/http://www.angelfire.com/bc2/hamed/ | archive-date =2013-10-29 }}</ref> [[Suicide of Sladjana Vidovic|Sladjana Vidovic]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.clevescene.com/scene-and-heard/archives/2010/08/23/family-of-sladjana-vidovic-16-year-old-who-committed-suicide-suing-mentor-schools|title=Family of Sladjana Vidovic, 16-Year-Old Who Committed Suicide, Suing Mentor Schools|last=Grzegorek|first=Vince|date=2010-08-23|access-date=2018-01-29}}</ref> April Himes,<ref>{{cite web | last =Caruso | first =Kevin | title =April Himes Memorial | work =Suicide.org | publisher =Suicide.org | url =http://www.suicide.org/memorials/april-himes.html | access-date =2013-10-28 | url-status =live | archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20121227145112/http://www.suicide.org/memorials/april-himes.html | archive-date =2012-12-27 }}</ref> Cherice Moralez<ref>{{cite news | last =McLaughlin | first =Elliot C. | title =Montana teen loved pit bulls, poetry before rape and suicide | work =CNN | department =U.S. | publisher =Cable News Network | date =2013-08-30 | url =http://edition.cnn.com/2013/08/30/us/montana-teacher-rape-victim-profile/index.html | access-date =2013-10-29 | url-status =live | archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20131017010102/http://edition.cnn.com/2013/08/30/us/montana-teacher-rape-victim-profile/index.html | archive-date =2013-10-17 }}</ref> and [[Suicide of Rebecca Ann Sedwick|Rebecca Ann Sedwick]].<ref>{{cite news | last =Pearce | first =Matt | title =Florida girl, 12, found dead after bullies said 'kill yourself' | newspaper =Los Angeles Times | department =U.S.: Nation Now | date =2013-09-12 | url =https://www.latimes.com/nation/nationnow/la-na-nn-florida-cyberbullying-20130912,0,1429218.story#axzz2j8q54wL8 | access-date =2013-10-29 | url-status =live | archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20131030125706/http://www.latimes.com/nation/nationnow/la-na-nn-florida-cyberbullying-20130912%2C0%2C1429218.story#axzz2j8q54wL8 | archive-date =2013-10-30 }}</ref> According to the suicide awareness voices for education, suicide is one of the leading causes of death for youth from 15 to 24 years old. Over 16 percent of students seriously consider suicide, 13 percent create a plan, and 8 percent have made a serious attempt.<ref>{{Cite web|title=bullying suicide statistics|url=http://nobullying.com/bullying-suicide-statistics/|access-date=2019-02-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180315013632/https://nobullying.com/bullying-suicide-statistics/|archive-date=2018-03-15|url-status=dead}}</ref>
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