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{{short description|War between organized groups within the same state or country}}
{{For|specific wars and other uses|Civil War (disambiguation)|List of civil wars}}
{{Redirect|Civil conflict|the college football game|Civil Conflict}}
{{Broaden|reason=from the lead alone, you'd guess the title of this article as "Civil war in the modern era"|date=May 2019}}
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{{history of war}}
{{Revolution sidebar}}
[[File:German artillery Malmi 1918 (2).jpg|thumb|German artillery in [[Malmi, Helsinki|Malmi]] during the [[Battle of Helsinki]] on 12 April 1918, during the [[Finnish Civil War]].]]
'''Nội chiến''' là chiến tranh giữa các thành phần trong 1 [[quốc gia]],<ref name=fearon>[[James Fearon]], [http://www.foreignaffairs.org/20070301faessay86201/james-d-fearon/iraq-s-civil-war.html "Iraq's Civil War"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070317031517/http://www.foreignaffairs.org/20070301faessay86201/james-d-fearon/iraq-s-civil-war.html |date = ngày 17 tháng 3 năm 2007}} in ''[[Foreign Affairs]]'', March/April 2007. For further discussion on civil war classification, see [[#Formal classification|the section "Formal classification"]].</ref> giữa những người [[đồng bào]] cùng [[ngôn ngữ]] nhưng tranh chấp nhau vì những lý do khác nhau:<ref name="EH">[http://eh.net/bookreviews/library/1130 Nations, Markets, and War: Modern History and the American Civil War | Book Reviews], EH.net. "Two nations [within the U.S.] developed because of slavery." October 2006. Retrieved July 2009.</ref> [[tôn giáo]], [[chính trị]], [[kinh tế]],...▼
[[File:The destruction wrought on Granollers after raid.jpg|thumb|The destruction wrought on [[Granollers]] after a raid by German aircraft on 31 May 1938 during the [[Spanish Civil War]].]]
A '''civil war''', also known as an '''intrastate war''' in [[polemology]],<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Jackson |first=Richard |date=28 March 2014 |title=Towards an Understanding of Contemporary Intrastate War |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/government-and-opposition/article/div-classtitletowards-an-understanding-of-contemporary-intrastate-wardiv/06AC70DB2F57025995068DB2F5B97D96 |journal=[[Government and Opposition]] |volume=42 |issue=1 |pages=121–128 |doi=10.1111/j.1477-7053.2007.00215_1.x |access-date=5 January 2017|hdl=2160/1963 |s2cid=56449614 }}</ref> is a [[war]] between organized groups within the same [[Sovereign state|state]] (or [[country]]).
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The term is a [[calque]] of Latin ''[[:wikt:bellum civile|bellum civile]]'' which was used to refer to the various [[Roman civil wars|civil wars of the Roman Republic]] in the 1st century BC.
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