Khác biệt giữa bản sửa đổi của “Halogen giả”

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→‎top: Cập nhật danh pháp theo TCVN, GF, replaced: hiđro → hydro using AWB
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Dòng 7:
|-
! style="width:175px;" | [[Nhóm nguyên tử]]
! style="width:175px;" | [[Dimer]]
! Dạng dime
! style="width:175px;" | Hợp chất với hydro
! Axit
! Ion halogen giả
! Tên [[phối tử]]
! HậuTrong tốhợp <br>(hóachất hữu cơ)
! Công thức phân tử
! Công thức cấu tạo
|-
| [[cyano]]''chloro'' || ''[[cyanogenchlorine]]'' || ''[[hydrogenHydrogen cyanidechloride|hydrocyanichydrochloride]]<br>prussic'' || ''[[cyanidechloride]]'' || cyanido''chlorido-<br><br />cyanochloro-'' || -''[[nitrileOrganochloride|-yl chloride]]<br>-yl'' || ''~&nbsp;Cl'' || cyanide''−Cl''
| ~&nbsp;CN || ~&nbsp;C≡N
|-
| [[cyapho]]cyano || [[cyaphogencyanogen]] || [[Methylidynephosphane|hydrocyaphichydrogen cyanide]],<br>prussic acid,<br />formonitrile || [[cyaphidecyanide]] || cyaphidocyanido-<br><br />cyaphocyano- || -[[nitrile]]<br>-yl cyaphidecyanide || ~&nbsp;CN || −C≡N
| ~&nbsp;CP || ~&nbsp;C≡P
|-
| [[isocyano]]cyapho || [[isocyano-formonitrilecyaphogen]] || [[Hydrogen isocyanideMethylidynephosphane|isohydrocyanicphosphaethyne]] || [[isocyanidecyaphide]] || isocyanidocyaphido-<br><br />isocyanocyapho- || -[[isonitrile]]<br>-yl isocyanidecyaphide || ~&nbsp;CP || −C≡P
| ~&nbsp;NC || ~&nbsp;N≡C
|-
| [[hydroxyl]]isocyano || || [[hydrogen peroxideisocyanide]],<br />isohydrocyanic acid || [[waterisocyanide]] || [[hydroxide]]isocyanido-<br />[[bioxide]]isocyano- || hydroxido[[Isocyanide|-isonitrile]]<br><br />hydroxy-yl isocyanide || -ol~&nbsp;NC || −{{chem|N|+}}≡{{chem|C|−}}
| ~&nbsp;OH || ~&nbsp;O−H
|-
| [[sulfhydrylHydroxy group|hydroxyl]] || [[hydrogen disulfideperoxide]] || [[hydrogen sulfidewater]] || [[hydrosulfidehydroxide]] || hydroxido-<br />hydroxy- || [[bisulfideAlcohol|-ol]] || sulfanido<br><br />thiolato~&nbsp;OH || -thiol−O−H
| ~&nbsp;SH || ~&nbsp;S−H
|-
| [[cyanatesulfanyl]] || [[hydrogen disulfide]] || [[cyanichydrogen sulfide]] || [[cyanateBisulfide|hydrosulfide]] || cyanatosulfanido-<br />thiolato- || [[cyanate esterThiol|-yl cyanatethiol]]<br />-yl mercaptane || ~&nbsp;OCNSH || ~&nbsp;O−C≡N−S−H
|-
| [[isocyanate]]cyanate || || [[isocyanicIsocyanic acid#Tautomerism|cyanic acid]] || [[isocyanatecyanate]] || isocyanatocyanato- || [[isocyanateCyanate ester|-yl isocyanatecyanate]] || ~&nbsp;NCOOCN || ~&nbsp;N≡C−O−O−C≡N
|-
| isocyanate || [[fulminatediisocyanogen]] || — || [[Fulminicisocyanic acid]] || [[fulminateisocyanate]] || fulminatoisocyanato- || [[fulminateIsocyanate|-yl fulminateisocyanate]] || ~&nbsp;CNONCO || ~&nbsp;C≡N−O−N=C=O
|-
| fulminate || || [[fulminic acid]] || [[fulminate]] || fulminato- || [[Nitrile#Nitrile oxides|-nitrile oxide]]<br />-yl fulminate || ~&nbsp;CNO || −C≡{{chem|N|+}}–{{chem|O|−}}
| [[thiocyanate]], [[rhodanide]] || [[thiocyanogen]] || [[thiocyanic]] || [[thiocyanate]] || thiocyanato- || -yl thiocyanate, -yl [[isothiocyanate]]
| ~&nbsp;SCN || ~&nbsp;S−C≡N
|-
| [[thiocyanate]],<br [[/>rhodanide]] || [[thiocyanogen]] || [[thiocyanic acid]] || [[thiocyanate]] || thiocyanato- || [[Thiocyanate|-yl thiocyanate,]] -yl|| [[isothiocyanate]]~&nbsp;SCN || −S−C≡N
| [[isothiocyanate]] || || [[isothiocyanic]]|| isothiocyanate || isothiocyanato- || -yl [[isothiocyanate]]
| ~&nbsp;NCS || ~&nbsp;N=C=S
|-
| [[isothiocyanate]] || || [[isothiocyanic acid]] || [[isothiocyanate]] || isothiocyanato- || [[Isothiocyanate|-yl [[isothiocyanate]] || ~&nbsp;NCS || −N=C=S
| [[hypothiocyanite]] || || [[hypothiocyanous]] || hypothiocyanite || thiocyanito- || -yl [[hypothiocyanite]]
| ~&nbsp;OSCN ||
|-
| [[selenocyanate]],<br [[/>selenorhodanide]] || [[selenocyanogen]] || [[selenocyanic acid|selenocyanic]] || [[selenocyanate]] || || || ~&nbsp;SeCN || ~&nbsp;Se−C≡N−Se−C≡N
|-
| tellurocyanate,<ref>http://www.chemspider.com/Chemical-Structure.21865273.html</ref><br />tellurorhodanide || [[tellurocyanogen]] || [[tellurocyanic acid]] || [[tellurocyanate]] || || || ~&nbsp;TeCN || −Te−C≡N
| [[azide]] || [[hexazine]] || [[hydrazoic acid|hydrazoic]] || azide || azido- || -yl azide
| ~&nbsp;N<sub>3</sub> || ~&nbsp;{{chem|N|−}}−{{chem|N|+}}≡N<br>↕<br>~&nbsp;N={{chem|N|+}}={{chem|N|−}}
|-
| [[azide]] || [[hexazine]] || [[hydrazoic acid]] || [[Azide#Inorganic azides|azide]] || azido- || [[Azide#Organic_azides|-yl azide]] || ~&nbsp;N<sub>3</sub> || −{{chem|N|−}}−{{chem|N|+}}≡N<br>↕<br>−N={{chem|N|+}}={{chem|N|−}}
| [[nitrogen dioxide]] || [[dinitrogen tetroxide]] || [[nitrous acid|nitrous]] || [[nitrite]] || [[Nitro compound|nitro-]] || -yl nitrite
| ~&nbsp;NO<sub>2</sub> ||
|-
| [[Nitric oxide|nitrogen monoxide]] || [[dinitrogen dioxide]] || [[nitroxyl]] || || [[Metal nitrosyl complex|nitrosyl]] || [[Nitroso|nitroso-]] || ~&nbsp;NO || <sup>•</sup>N=O
| [[cobalt carbonyl]] || [[dicobalt octacarbonyl]] || [[cobalt tetracarbonyl hydride]] || tetracarbonylcobaltate(1−) || ||
| ~&nbsp;Co(CO)<sub>4</sub> || ~&nbsp;Co(−C≡O)<sub>4</sub>
|-
| [[nitrogen dioxide]] || [[dinitrogenDinitrogen tetroxide|nitrogen tetroxide]] || [[nitrous acid|nitrous]]| || [[nitritenitryl]] || [[Nitro compound|nitro-]] || -yl~&nbsp;NO<sub>2</sub> || nitrite−NO<sub>2</sub>
| [[trinitromethanide]] || — || [[trinitromethane]] || [[trinitromethanide]] || trinitromethanido- ([[IUPAC nomenclature of inorganic chemistry 2005#Anionic ligands|IUPAC]]) || [[trinitromethan|-yl trinitromethanide]]
| C(NO<sub>2</sub>)<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup> || C(NO<sub>2</sub>)<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup>
|-
| [[cobalt carbonyl]] || [[dicobalt octacarbonyl]] || [[cobalt tetracarbonyl hydride]] || tetracarbonylcobaltate(1−) || || || ~&nbsp;Co(CO)<sub>4</sub> || −Co(C≡O)<sub>4</sub>
| [[tricyanomethanide]] || — || [[tricyanomethane]] || [[tricyanomethanide]] || tricyanomethanido- ([[IUPAC nomenclature of inorganic chemistry 2005#Anionic ligands|IUPAC]]), tricyanomethanido- || [[tricyanomethan|-yl tricyanomethanide]]
| C(CN)<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup> || C(CN)<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup>
|-
| trinitromethanide || [[hexanitroethane]] || [[Trinitromethane|nitroform]],<br />trinitromethane || trinitromethanide || trinitromethanido- || -yl trinitromethanide || ~&nbsp;C(NO<sub>2</sub>)<sub>3</sub> || −C(NO<sub>2</sub>)<sub>3</sub>
| [[trifluoromethanesulfonate]] || — || [[triflic acid]] || [[trifluoromethanesulfonate]], [[triflate]] || [[triflate]] (-yl) trilfate || [[-yl triflate]]
|-
| ~&nbsp;O<sub>3</sub>SCF<sub>3</sub>− || ~&nbsp;OTf
| tricyanomethanide || [[hexacyanoethane]] || [[cyanoform]],<br />tricyanomethane || tricyanomethanide || tricyanomethanido- || -yl tricyanomethanide || ~&nbsp;C(CN)<sub>3</sub> || −C(CN)<sub>3</sub>
|-
| || || || || || || ~&nbsp;CS<sub>2</sub>N<sub>3</sub><ref>Margaret-Jane Crawford, ''et al''. CS<sub>2</sub>N<sub>3</sub>, A Novel Pseudohalogen. ''J. Am. Chem. Soc.'' 2000, 122, 9052-9053</ref> || [[File:CS2N3 pseudohalogen.png|100px]]
|}
 
{{expand list|date=tháng 9, 2014}}
Au<sup>-</sup> được coi là một ion halogen gia do phản ứng tự oxi hóa khử với kiềm và khả năng tạo liên kết cộng hóa trị với hydro.<ref>{{cite journal
|author2=Jansen, Martin|title=ChemInform Abstract: Base-Induced Disproportionation of Elemental Gold.
|journal=ChemInform|date=2000-11-28|volume=31|issue=48|pages=no–no|doi=10.1002/chin.200048020|last=Mudring|first=Anjy-Verena
}}</ref>
 
== Ví dụ về phân tử halogen giả ==
Hàng 71 ⟶ 65:
 
Ví dụ về halogen giả không đối xứng (''Ps''–X) là các xyanogen halide ([[Iot xyanua|ICN]], ClCN, [[Brom xyanua|BrCN]]) và các hợp chất khác. Đôi khi nitrosyl chloride NOCl cũng được coi như là một halogen giả.
 
Tuy nhiên, không phải tất cả các kiểu hợp chất kết hợp trên đều bền vững.
 
== Ion halogen giả ==
Hàng 82 ⟶ 78:
 
== Tài liệu tham khảo ==
{{tham khảo|2}}
 
[[Thể loại:Halogen]]