| tôn giáo=[[TengrismTengri giáo]], [[Phật giáo]]<ref>{{cite book |last1=Grousset |first1=René |title=The Empire of the Steppes: A History of Central Asia |date=1970 |publisher=Rutgers University Press |isbn=9780813513041 |url=https://archive.org/details/empireofsteppes00grou |url-access=registration |page=[https://archive.org/details/empireofsteppes00grou/page/358 358] |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Vaziri |first1=Mostafa |title=Buddhism in Iran: An Anthropological Approach to Traces and Influences |date=2012 |publisher=Palgrave Macmillan US |isbn=9781137022943 |pages=111–131 |language=en |chapter=Buddhism during the Mongol Period in Iran|doi=10.1057/9781137022943_7 }}</ref>