Khác biệt giữa bản sửa đổi của “Percy Bysshe Shelley”

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'''Percy Bysshe Shelley''' (4 tháng 8 năm [[1792]] – 8 tháng 7 năm [[1822]]) – [[nhà thơ]], nhà triết học [[Anh]], một trong những [[nhà thơ]] lớn nhất của [[thế kỷ XIX]].
== Tiểu sử ==
[[Tập tin:The The_Funeral_of_ShelleyFuneral of Shelley.jpg|nhỏ|trái|400px|Hỏa táng Percy Bysshe Shelley bên bờ biển]]
Percy Bysshe Shelley xuất thân trong một gia đình quí tộc lâu đời. Năm 12 tuổi vào học trường College đã được bạn bè gọi là “Shelley điên rồ” vì say mê đọc [[Lucretius]] và tuyên bố rằng không hề có [[Chúa Trời]]. Thời gian này Shelley còn say mê đọc các tác phẩm triết học của [[Voltaire]], [[Francis Bacon]]. Năm [[1810]] vào học [[Đại học Oxford]], in những bài thơ về chính trị và tiểu luận triết học ''The Necessity of Atheism'' (Cần chủ nghĩa vô thần), chứng minh rằng không thể có sự hòa nhập giữa tôn giáo và trí tuệ nên bị đuổi học. Từ đây bắt đầu một thời kỳ xa lánh gia đình và đi phiêu lãng. Một thời gian Shelley nghiên cứu kinh tế chính trị và các tác phẩm của [[William Godwin]]. Vì lòng thương hại, Shelley cưới [[Harriet Westbrook]], con gái của một chủ quán làm vợ và hai người đi sang [[Edinburgh]] làm lễ cưới. Cuộc hôn nhân này không mang lại cho Shelley hạnh phúc mà chỉ làm cho gia đình càng xa lánh Shelley nhiều hơn.
 
 
Năm [[1812]] Shelley đi sang [[Ireland]] để tham gia phong trào giải phóng dân tộc, đòi độc lập cho Ireland, Nhà thơ đứng về phía những người giải phóng, viết tác phẩm ''Queen Mab'' (Hoàng hậu Mab, 1813) mà [[Lord Byron]] gọi là tác phẩm hay nhất của Shelley. Sử dụng những hình tượng của [[Shakespeare]], Shelley vẽ một bức tranh tưởng tượng trong mơ của một cô gái lạc vào lâu đài của hoàng hậu Mab, được hoàng hậu kể cho nghe những bất công ở trần gian và phần cuối là một tương lai tươi sáng, nơi con người sống tự do, không còn bị áp bức.
Hàng 39 ⟶ 38:
== Tác phẩm ==
[[Tập tin:Shelly'stoneRome.jpg|nhỏ|phải|200px|Mộ Shelley ở Rome]]
* (1810) Zastrozzi and St Irvyne
* (1811) The Necessity of Atheism
* (1813) Queen Mab
* (1815) Alastor, or The Spirit of Solitude
* (1816) Mont Blanc
* (1817) Hymn to Intellectual Beauty
* (1817) The Revolt of Islam
* (1818) Ozymandias
* (1818) Plato, The Banquet (or Symposium) dịch “Bữa tiệc” của Plato sang tiếng Anh
* (1819) The Cenci
* (1819) Ode to the West Wind
* (1819) The Masque of Anarchy
* (1819) Men of England
* (1819) England in 1819
* (1819) The Witch of Atlas
* (1819) A Philosophical View of Reform
* (1819) Julian and Maddalo
* (1820) Prometheus Unbound
* (1820) To a Skylark
* (1821) Adonais
* (1821) Hellas
* (1821) A Defence of Poetry (in lần đầu năm 1840)
* (1822) The Triumph of Life (viết dở, in sau khi chết)
 
Hàng 73 ⟶ 72:
:The winds of Heaven mix for ever
:With a sweet emotion;
:Nothing in the world is single;
:All things by a law divine
:In one spirit meet and mingle.
Hàng 159 ⟶ 158:
:'''On Love'''
 
:WHAT is Love? Ask him who lives, what is life; ask him who adores, what is God?
 
:I know not the internal constitution of other men, nor even thine, whom I now address. I see that in some external attributes they resemble me, but when, misled by that appearance, I have thought to appeal to something in common, and unburthen my inmost soul to them, I have found my language misunderstood, like one in a distant and savage land. The more opportunities they have afforded me for experience, the wider has appeared the interval between us, and to a greater distance have the points of sympathy been withdrawn. With a spirit ill fitted to sustain such proof, trembling and feeble through its tenderness, I have everywhere sought sympathy, and have found only repulse and disappointment.
 
:Thou demandest what is Love. It is that powerful attraction towards all we conceive, or fear, or hope beyond ourselves, when we find within our own thoughts the chasm of an insufficient void, and seek to awaken in all things that are, a community with what we experience within ourselves. If we reason, we would be understood; if we imagine, we would that the airy children of our brain were born anew within another's; if we feel, we would that another's nerves should vibrate to our own, that the beams of their eyes should kindle at once and mix and melt into our own; that lips of motionless ice should not reply to lips quivering and burning with the heart's best blood. This is Love. This is the bond and the sanction which connects not only man with man, but with every thing which exists. We are born into the world, and there is something within us which, from the instant that we live, more and more thirsts after its likeness. It is probably in correspondence with this law that the infant drains milk from the bosom of its mother; this propensity developes itself with the developement of our nature. We dimly see within our intellectual nature a miniature as it were of our entire self, yet deprived of all that we condemn or despise, the ideal prototype of every thing excellent and lovely that we are capable of conceiving as belonging to the nature of man. Not only the portrait of our external being, but an assemblage of the minutest particles of which our nature is composed; a mirror whose surface reflects only the forms of purity and brightness; a soul within our own soul that describes a circle around its proper Paradise, which pain and sorrow and evil dare not overleap. To this we eagerly refer all sensations, thirsting that they should resemble or correspond with it. The discovery of its antitype; the meeting with an understanding capable of clearly estimating our own; an imagination which should enter into and seize upon the subtle and delicate peculiarities which we have delighted to cherish and unfold in secret; with a frame whose nerves, like the chords of two exquisite lyres, strung to the accompaniment of one delightful voice, vibrate with the vibrations of our own; and of a combination of all these in such proportion as the type within demands; this is the invisible and unattainable point to which Love tends; and to attain which, it urges forth the powers of man to arrest the faintest shadow of that, without the possession of which there is no rest nor respite to the heart over which it rules. Hence in solitude, or in that deserted state when we are surrounded by human beings, and yet they sympathize not with us, we love the flowers, the grass, the waters, and the sky. In the motion of the very leaves of spring, in the blue air, there is then found a secret correspondence with our heart. There is eloquence in the tongueless wind, and a melody in the flowing brooks and the rustling of the reeds beside them, which by their inconceivable relation to something within the soul, awaken the spirits to a dance of breathless rapture, and bring tears of mysterious tenderness to the eyes, like the enthusiasm of patriotic success, or the voice of one beloved singing to you alone. Sterne says that if he were in a desert he would love some cypress. So soon as this want or power is dead, man becomes the living sepulchre of himself, and what yet survives is the mere husk of what once he was.
 
:Thou demandest what is Love. It is that powerful attraction towards all we conceive, or fear, or hope beyond ourselves, when we find within our own thoughts the chasm of an insufficient void, and seek to awaken in all things that are, a community with what we experience within ourselves. If we reason, we would be understood; if we imagine, we would that the airy children of our brain were born anew within another's; if we feel, we would that another's nerves should vibrate to our own, that the beams of their eyes should kindle at once and mix and melt into our own; that lips of motionless ice should not reply to lips quivering and burning with the heart's best blood. This is Love. This is the bond and the sanction which connects not only man with man, but with every thing which exists. We are born into the world, and there is something within us which, from the instant that we live, more and more thirsts after its likeness. It is probably in correspondence with this law that the infant drains milk from the bosom of its mother; this propensity developes itself with the developement of our nature. We dimly see within our intellectual nature a miniature as it were of our entire self, yet deprived of all that we condemn or despise, the ideal prototype of every thing excellent and lovely that we are capable of conceiving as belonging to the nature of man. Not only the portrait of our external being, but an assemblage of the minutest particles of which our nature is composed; a mirror whose surface reflects only the forms of purity and brightness; a soul within our own soul that describes a circle around its proper Paradise, which pain and sorrow and evil dare not overleap. To this we eagerly refer all sensations, thirsting that they should resemble or correspond with it. The discovery of its antitype; the meeting with an understanding capable of clearly estimating our own; an imagination which should enter into and seize upon the subtle and delicate peculiarities which we have delighted to cherish and unfold in secret; with a frame whose nerves, like the chords of two exquisite lyres, strung to the accompaniment of one delightful voice, vibrate with the vibrations of our own; and of a combination of all these in such proportion as the type within demands; this is the invisible and unattainable point to which Love tends; and to attain which, it urges forth the powers of man to arrest the faintest shadow of that, without the possession of which there is no rest nor respite to the heart over which it rules. Hence in solitude, or in that deserted state when we are surrounded by human beings, and yet they sympathize not with us, we love the flowers, the grass, the waters, and the sky. In the motion of the very leaves of spring, in the blue air, there is then found a secret correspondence with our heart. There is eloquence in the tongueless wind, and a melody in the flowing brooks and the rustling of the reeds beside them, which by their inconceivable relation to something within the soul, awaken the spirits to a dance of breathless rapture, and bring tears of mysterious tenderness to the eyes, like the enthusiasm of patriotic success, or the voice of one beloved singing to you alone. Sterne says that if he were in a desert he would love some cypress. So soon as this want or power is dead, man becomes the living sepulchre of himself, and what yet survives is the mere husk of what once he was.
 
:'''Về tình yêu''' ''(Tiểu luận triết học)''
Hàng 177 ⟶ 175:
 
== Liên kết ngoài ==
* [http://www.gutenberg.org/browse/authors/s#a1529 Works by Percy Bysshe Shelley at Project Gutenberg]
* [http://www.poetseers.org/the_romantics/percy_bysshe_shelley/shelleys_poems/ Selected Poems of Shelley]
* [http://www.johnkeats.org Shelley and the Romantic Movement]
* A talk on Shelley's politics (MP3) by Paul Foot: [http://mp3.lpi.org.uk/footshelleya.mp3 part 1], *[http://mp3.lpi.org.uk/footshelleyb.mp3 part 2]
Hàng 186 ⟶ 184:
* [http://www.rc.umd.edu/ Romantic Circles — Excellent Editions & Articles on Shelley and other Authors of the Romantic period]
 
 
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{{thời gian sống|sinh=1792|mất=1822|tên= Shelley, Percy Bysshe}}
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