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Thành viên:Tuankiet65/Urban Dictionary

Tuankiet65/Urban Dictionary
Tập tin:Urbab Dictionary logo.png
Tập tin:Urban Dictionary.png
Loại website
Từ điển tiếng lóng
Có sẵn bằngTiếng Anh
Chủ sở hữuAaron Peckham
Tạo bởiAaron Peckham
Websitewww.urbandictionary.com
Thương mạiCó
Yêu cầu đăng kýChỉ khi cần phải sửa chữa
Bắt đầu hoạt động1999
Tình trạng hiện tạiHoạt động

Urban Dictionary là một từ điển chứa các thành ngữ và tiếng lóng. Tính đến ngày 2 tháng 3 năm 2013 Urban Dictionary đã chứa khoảng gần 7 triệu định nghĩa[1]. Các đóng góp thường được đóng góp bởi các tình nguyện viên và được người dùng đánh giá. Phóng viên tạp chí Time Anita Hamilton đã đưa trang web này vào 1 trong 50 trang web được yêu thích nhất[2][3].

Lịch sử

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The site was founded in 1999 by Aaron Peckham while he was a freshman computer science major at California Polytechnic State University. One of the first definitions on the site was "the man", referring to "the faces of the establishment put in place to 'bring us down'".[4]


The website was referenced in a 2011 District Court complaint by ATF agents to document the meaning of the vulgarism 'murk' as used in a criminal threat. It also consists of names and slang.[5]


Content

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The definitions on Urban Dictionary are meant to be those of slang or ethnic culture words, phrases, and phenomena not found in standard dictionaries. Most words have multiple definitions, usage examples, and tags.


Visitors to Urban Dictionary may submit definitions without registering, but they must provide a valid e-mail address to facilitate the submission process. Entries become the property of Urban Dictionary.[6] Before they are included in the dictionary, all new definitions must be approved by editors.


Editors are given this set of guidelines to use when approving or rejecting definitions:[7]

  1. Publish celebrity names but reject friends' names. Definitions of first names are acceptable. Names of bands and schools should be published only if they are popular.
  1. Publish racial and sexual slurs but reject racist and sexist entries. Entries can document prejudice and slurs but not endorse it.
  1. Publish opinions. Opinions are useful to readers unfamiliar with a topic and should not be rejected because of disagreement or offense, or inaccuracy.
  1. Publish place names, nicknames and area codes of geographic entities.
  1. Publish nonslang words. Swearing, misspelling, or presence of words in an ordinary dictionary are not reasons for rejection and should be ignored.
  1. Publish jokes and sarcasm, but reject inside jokes that only the author's friends would understand.
  1. Reject sexual violence and made-up violent sexual acts.
  1. Reject nonsense. Be consistent on duplicates, reject nonsensical, circular, unspecific entries or those submitted in all capital letters. Non-English words and examples are acceptable, but entries with non-English definitions should be rejected.
  1. Reject ads for web sites, and definitions written as advertising.
  1. Publish if the definition appears to be plausible.


Quality control

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Persons submitting definitions must provide a valid e-mail address which is used as a simple process to establish good faith.

Every submission must be approved by editors before it is added to the dictionary; editors must register with the site using a valid e-mail address[8] and may vote to accept or reject newly submitted definitions.


After receiving a sufficient differential of "accept" over "reject" votes, definitions are published to the dictionary. There may be hundreds of entries for a term or word, so various and often conflicting "histories" exist.[9]

[10]


Individual entries cannot be edited by the registered users en masse.


Definitions already in the dictionary can be voted thumbs "up" or "down" by any site visitor.


Once a definition is included in the dictionary, editors may review it and remove it if it is against the guidelines. However, those definitions which have proven popular by voting cannot be removed, and an editor may only recommend removal of five definitions per 24-hour period.[11]


On the Urban Dictionary Forum,[12] registered members can discuss enhancements or problems they experience with the site, and vote for changes to be made. Forums are places of lively discussion; recent subjects include: "Allow users to upload sounds and images",[13] "Get rid of stupid definitions from being first on lists",[14] and "Allow editors to delete more than 5 bad definitions per day".[15]


Traffic and users

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Tính đến tháng 2 năm 2013, the site contains over 6.960 million definitions. Tính đến tháng 4 năm 2009, an average of 2,000 are submitted every day; the site receives approximately 15 million unique visitors per month, with 80% of users being younger than 25.[4] Tính đến tháng 2 năm 2013, Urban Dictionary's Alexa rating is 845,[16] with a rating of 396 in the United States[16] and 43,559 sites linking in.[16]


Xem thêm

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Books

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  • Peckham, Aaron (2005). Urban dictionary: fularious street slang defined. Kansas City, Missouri: Andrews McMeel Publishing, L.L.C. tr. 320. ISBN 0-7407-5143-3. Truy cập ngày 3 tháng 1 năm 2013.


Tham khảo

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Notes
  1. ^ Home page
  2. ^ “50 Best Web Sites – Podcast”. TIME. Truy cập ngày 5 tháng 1 năm 2010.
  3. ^ “Urban Dictionary – 50 Best Websites 2008”. TIME. 17 tháng 6 năm 2009. Truy cập ngày 5 tháng 1 năm 2010.
  4. ^ a b Heffernan, Virginia (5 tháng 7 năm 2009). “Street Smart: Urban Dictionary”. New York Times. Truy cập ngày 25 tháng 1 năm 2010.
  5. ^ “Feds Consulted Urban Dictionary In Threat Case”. The Smoking Gun. 31 tháng 8 năm 2011.
  6. ^ Submission form
  7. ^ Guidelines for Editors
  8. ^ Editor sign-up page
  9. ^ Definitions of "hard"
  10. ^ Definitions of "easy"
  11. ^ Definition removal form
  12. ^ Urban Dictionary discussion forum
  13. ^ http://feedback.urbandictionary.com/forums/2095-urban-dictionary/suggestions/14621-allow-users-to-upload-sounds-and-images?ref=title
  14. ^ http://feedback.urbandictionary.com/forums/2095-urban-dictionary/suggestions/26825-get-rid-of-stupid-definitions-from-being-first-on-?ref=title
  15. ^ http://feedback.urbandictionary.com/forums/2095-urban-dictionary/suggestions/138404-allow-editors-to-delete-more-than-5-bad-definition?ref=title
  16. ^ a b c Urbandictionary.com Site Info


Liên kết ngoài

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Bản mẫu:Dictionaries of English

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