Trạng thái biến đổi của ý thức

Trạng thái biến đổi của ý thức (tiếng Anh: Altered state of consciousness, ASC),^[1] hay trạng thái biến đổi của tâm thức, là bất kỳ tình trạng nào có khác biệt đáng kể so với trạng thái thức giấc bình thường. Đến trước năm 1892, thuật ngữ này được sử dụng trong bối cảnh có liên quan đến thôi miên,^[2] mặc dù vẫn còn tranh cãi về việc liệu thôi miên có được xác định là ASC theo định nghĩa hiện đại của nó hay không. Trường hợp sử dụng tiếp theo có thể truy lại được, là của Max Mailhouse từ bài thuyết trình năm 1904 của ông tại hội nghị,^[3] tuy nhiên, nó được xác định rõ như vậy vì có liên quan đến bệnh động kinh và vẫn được sử dụng đến nay. Trong giới hàn lâm, thuật ngữ này đã được Arnold M. Ludwig sử dụng sớm nhất vào năm 1966^[4] và được Charles Tart phổ biến việc sử dụng từ năm 1969.^[5]^[6] Nó mô tả những thay đổi được gây ra trong trạng thái ý thức của một người, hầu như luôn là tạm thời. Một cụm từ đồng nghĩa là "trạng thái biến đổi của nhận thức".

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Tham khảo

^ Bundzen PV, Korotkov KG, Unestahl LE (tháng 4 năm 2002). “Altered states of consciousness: review of experimental data obtained with a multiple techniques approach”. J Altern Complement Med. 8 (2): 153–65. doi:10.1089/107555302317371442. PMID 12006123.
^ “Aberdeen Evening Express”. An Aberdeen Doctor on Hypnotism. [Occurrence 3/4 down page, 3rd column, adjacent to article spacing rule in 2nd column.] 14 tháng 12 năm 1892. The faculties of reason and judgement, the elaborate and regulative faculties, in this altered state of consciousness, are obviously dependent on sense perceptions, and vary accordingly as they do.Quản lý CS1: khác (liên kết)
^ Mailhouse, Max (1905). The Duties of the State with Reference to Epileptics. Bulletin of State Institutions [under the Board of Control], Volume 7. tr. 83. Read at the 4th Annual Meeting of the Assoc. for the Study of Epilepsy and the care and treatment of Epileptics, 22 Nov 1904: 'That is to say the psyche may take on an independent action entirely foreign to the nature and personality of the epileptic when free from an attack, and this altered state of consciousness may lead to acts more or less harmful to patient or bystander'
^ Ludwig, Arnold M. (tháng 9 năm 1966). “Altered States of Consciousness (presentation to symposium on Possession States in Primitive People)”. Archives of General Psychiatry. 15 (3): 225–34. doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1966.01730150001001. PMID 5330058.
^ Tart, Charles T. (1969). Altered States of Consciousness: A Book of Readings. New York: Wiley. ISBN 0-471-84560-4.
^ Tart, Charles T. (2001). States of Consciousness. Backinprint.com. ISBN 0-595-15196-5.

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[pmid12006123-1] Bundzen PV, Korotkov KG, Unestahl LE (tháng 4 năm 2002). “Altered states of consciousness: review of experimental data obtained with a multiple techniques approach”. J Altern Complement Med. 8 (2): 153–65. doi:10.1089/107555302317371442. PMID 12006123.

[2] “Aberdeen Evening Express”. An Aberdeen Doctor on Hypnotism. [Occurrence 3/4 down page, 3rd column, adjacent to article spacing rule in 2nd column.] 14 tháng 12 năm 1892. The faculties of reason and judgement, the elaborate and regulative faculties, in this altered state of consciousness, are obviously dependent on sense perceptions, and vary accordingly as they do.Quản lý CS1: khác (liên kết)

[3] Mailhouse, Max (1905). The Duties of the State with Reference to Epileptics. Bulletin of State Institutions [under the Board of Control], Volume 7. tr. 83. Read at the 4th Annual Meeting of the Assoc. for the Study of Epilepsy and the care and treatment of Epileptics, 22 Nov 1904: 'That is to say the psyche may take on an independent action entirely foreign to the nature and personality of the epileptic when free from an attack, and this altered state of consciousness may lead to acts more or less harmful to patient or bystander'

[4] Ludwig, Arnold M. (tháng 9 năm 1966). “Altered States of Consciousness (presentation to symposium on Possession States in Primitive People)”. Archives of General Psychiatry. 15 (3): 225–34. doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1966.01730150001001. PMID 5330058.

[isbn0-471-84560-4-5] Tart, Charles T. (1969). Altered States of Consciousness: A Book of Readings. New York: Wiley. ISBN 0-471-84560-4.

[isbn0-595-15196-5-6] Tart, Charles T. (2001). States of Consciousness. Backinprint.com. ISBN 0-595-15196-5.

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