|
==Luận tội tại cấp bậc tiểu bang==
Các nghị viện tiểu bang có thể luận tội các viên chức tiểu bang trong đó có cả thống đốc. Nơi xét xử luận tội có thể khác nhau chút ít so với mô hình liên bang — thí dụ tại [[tiểu bang New York]], hạ viện tiểu bang luận tội và thượng viện tiểu bang xét xử sự vụ nhưng các thành viên gồm có 7 quan tòa thuộc Tòa án Phúc thẩm Tiểu bang New York (đây là cấp bậc tòa hiến pháp cao cấp nhất của tiểu bang New YorkuYork) cùng ngồi với các thượng nghị sĩ tiểu bang trong vai trò đoàn bồi thẩm <ref>NYS Constitution, Article VI, §24</ref>. ImpeachmentViệc andluận removaltội ofvà governorsbải hasnhiệm happenedcác thống đốc đôi khi occasionallyxảy throughoutra thexuyên historysuốt oflịch thesử UnitedHoa StatesKỳ, usuallythường forthường corruptionlà chargesbị truy tố vì tội tham nhũng. ATổng totalsố ofcó atít leastnhất eleven11 U.S.thống stateđốc governorstiểu havebang facedđã anđối impeachmentdiện trialvới 1 vụ xét xử luận tội; athống twelfth,đốc [[Governorthứ of12 Oklahoma|Governor]]là [[Lee Cruce]] ofcủa tiểu bang [[Oklahoma]], escapedthoát impeachmentkết convictionán bysau aluận singletội votechỉ innhờ vào tỉ lệ 1 phiếu biểu quyết duy nhất vào năm 1912. SeveralMột số người otherskhác, mostgần recentlyđây [[Connecticut]]'snhất là [[John G. Rowland]], havecủa resignedtiểu ratherbang than[[Connecticut]] faceđã impeachment,chịu từ chức hơn là đối mặt việc bị luận tội khi các sự kiện cho whenthấy eventsông seemedchắc tochắn makebị itluận inevitabletội.<ref name=rowland>{{cite news
|author = Yardley, William
| title = Connecticut Governor Announces His Resignation
| url = http://www.nytimes.com/2004/06/21/nyregion/21CND-ROWL.html
| accessdate = 2009-07-23
| quote = }} {{Dead link|date=October 2010|bot=H3llBot}}</ref> TheVụ mostluận recenttội impeachmentmột ofthống ađốc governormới occurredđây onnhất Januaryxảy ra vào ngày 14, tháng 1 năm 2009, whenkhi theHạ [[Illinoisviện Housetiểu ofbang Representatives[[Illinois]] votedbiểu quyết 117-1 tođể impeachluận tội [[Rod Blagojevich]] onvì [[Rodbị Blagojevichcáo corruptionbuộc charges|corruptiontham charges]]nhũng;<ref name="TribuneBlagojevichImpeach">{{cite news|url=http://newsblogs.chicagotribune.com/clout_st/2009/01/blagojevich-ove.html|title=House votes to impeach Blagojevich again|date=2009-01-14|work=[[Chicago Tribune]]|accessdate=2009-01-14}}</ref> hesau wascùng subsequentlyông thebị removedThượng fromviện officetiểu andbang barredIllinois fromtước holdingchức futurevụ officevà bycấm thegiữ [[Illinoischức Senate]]vụ ontương Januarylai vào ngày 29 tháng 1. HeÔng waslà thethống eighthđốc statetiểu governorbang inthứ American8 historytrong tolịch sử Mỹ bebị removedtước fromchức officevụ.
Việc tiến hành luận tội hay tước chức vụ của các viên chức cấp địa phương thì khá khác nhau. Thí dụ, tại New York, một thị trưởng bị tước chức vụ trực tiếp từ thống đốc tiểu bang "ngay sau khi được nghe" các cáo trạng — luật lệ không có đi sâu vào chi tiết loại truy tố nào là cần thiết hay thống đốc phải tìm hiểu cái gì trước khi tước chức vụ một thị trưởng.
The procedure for impeachment, or removal, of local officials varies widely. For instance, in New York a mayor is removed directly by the governor "upon being heard" on charges — the law makes no further specification of what charges are necessary or what the governor must find in order to remove a mayor.
===State officials impeached===
{| class="wikitable"
!Date
!Accused
!Office
! Result
|-
|1804
| nowrap | [[William W. Irvin]]
|[[Associate Justice|Associate Judge]], [[Fairfield County, Ohio]] [[Ohio Court of Common Pleas|Court of Common Pleas]]
|Removed
|-
|1832
| nowrap | [[Theophilus W. Smith]]
|[[Associate Justice]], [[Supreme Court of Illinois|Illinois Supreme Court]]
|Acquitted<ref name="HEI">{{cite book | last = Bateman | first = Newton | coauthors = Paul Selby, Frances M. Shonkwiler, Henry L Fowkes | title = Historical Encyclopedia of Illinois | publisher = Munsell Publishing Company | year = 1908 | location = Chicago, IL | pages = 489}}</ref>
|-
|February 26, 1862
| nowrap | [[Charles L. Robinson]]
|[[Governor of Kansas]]
|Acquitted<ref name="ref1">{{cite web|url=http://www.cga.ct.gov/2004/rpt/2004-R-0184.htm |title=Impeachment of State Officials |publisher=Cga.ct.gov |date= |accessdate=2008-09-06}}</ref>
|-
|February 26, 1862
| nowrap | [[John Winter Robinson]]
|[[Secretary of State of Kansas]]
|Removed on June 12, 1862<ref name=Cyclopedia>{{cite book | last = Blackmar | first = Frank | title = Kansas: A Cyclopedia of State History | publisher = Standard Publishing Co. | year = 1912 | pages = 598 | url = http://books.google.com/books?id=Qi9cXyTWt9EC}}</ref>
|-
|February 26, 1862
| nowrap | [[George S. Hillyer]]
|[[Kansas State Auditor]]
|Removed on June 16, 1862<ref name=Cyclopedia/>
|-
|1871
| nowrap | [[William Woods Holden]]
|[[Governor of North Carolina]]
|Removed
|-
|1871
| nowrap | [[David Butler (Nebraska)|David Butler]]
|[[Governor of Nebraska]]
|Removed<ref name="ref1"/>
|-
|1872
| nowrap | [[Henry C. Warmoth]]
|[[Governor of Louisiana]]
|"suspended from office," though trial was not held<ref>{{cite web|url=http://enlou.com/people/warmothhc-bio.htm |title=State Governors of Louisiana: Henry Clay Warmoth |publisher=Enlou.com |date= |accessdate=2008-09-06}}</ref>
|-
|1876
| nowrap | [[Adelbert Ames]]
|[[Governor of Mississippi]]
|Resigned<ref name="ref1"/>
|-
|1888
| nowrap | [[James "Honest Dick" Tate|James W. Tate]]
|[[Kentucky State Treasurer]]
|Removed
|-
|August 13, 1913<ref>"SULZER IMPEACHED BY ASSEMBLY BUT REFUSES TO SURRENDER OFFICE", ''Syracuse Herald'', August 13, 1913, p1</ref>
| nowrap | [[William Sulzer]]
|[[List of Governors of New York|Governor of New York]]
|Removed on October 17, 1913<ref>"HIGH COURT REMOVES SULZER FROM OFFICE BY A VOTE OF 43 TO 12", ''Syracuse Herald'', October 17, 1913, p1</ref>
|-
|1917
| nowrap | [[James E. Ferguson]]
|[[List of Governors of Texas|Governor of Texas]]
|Removed<ref>{{cite web |url=http://txtell.lib.utexas.edu/stories/p0002-full.html |title=Permanent University Fund: Investing in the Future of Texas |year=2000 |accessdate=2009-02-14 |publisher=TxTell (University of Texas at Austin) |author=Block, Lourenda}}</ref> <!-- this contradicts both the wikipedia article and the source here, so i'm removing it "Resigned, but declared ineligible to hold office" -->
|-
|October 23, 1923
| nowrap | [[John C. Walton]]
|[[Governor of Oklahoma]]
|Removed
|-
|January 21, 1929
| nowrap | [[Henry S. Johnston]]
|[[Governor of Oklahoma]]
|Removed
|-
|April 6, 1929<ref>''Official Journal of the House of Representatives of the State of Louisiana'', April 6, 1929 pp. 292-94</ref>
| nowrap | [[Huey P. Long]]
|[[Governor of Louisiana]]
|Acquitted
|-
|February 6, 1988<ref name=azimpeach>{{cite news
|author = Gruson, Lindsey
| title = House Impeaches Arizona Governor
| publisher = ''New York Times''
| date = 1988-02-06
| url = http://www.nytimes.com/1988/02/06/us/house-impeaches-arizona-governor.html
| accessdate = 2009-07-02
| quote = }}</ref>
| nowrap | [[Evan Mecham]]
|[[List of Governors of Arizona|Governor of Arizona]]
|Removed on April 5, 1988<ref name=azremoved>{{cite news
|author = Gruson, Lindsey
| title = Arizona's Senate Ousts Governor, Voting Him Guilty of Misconduct
| publisher = ''New York Times''
| date = 1988-04-05
| url = http://www.nytimes.com/1988/04/05/us/arizona-s-senate-ousts-governor-voting-him-guilty-of-misconduct.html
| accessdate = 2009-07-02
| quote = }}</ref>
|-
|March 30, 1989<ref name=wvimpeached>{{cite news
|author = Staff reporter
| title = Impeachment in West Virginia
| publisher = ''AP''
| date = 1989-03-30
| url = http://www.nytimes.com/1989/03/30/us/impeachment-in-west-virginia.html
| accessdate = 2009-10-17
| quote = }}</ref>
| nowrap | [[A. James Manchin]]
|[[West Virginia State Treasurer]]
|Resigned<!-- or Retired --> on July 9, 1989 before trial started<ref name=wvresigned>{{cite news
|author = Wallace, Anise C.
| title = Treasurer of West Virginia Retires Over Fund's Losses
| publisher = ''New York Times''
| date = 1989-07-10
| url = http://www.nytimes.com/1989/07/10/business/treasurer-of-west-virginia-retires-over-fund-s-losses.html
| accessdate = 2009-10-17
| quote = }}</ref><!-- The source uses the adjectives retired and resigned to describe Manchin's actions. Which one is correct? -->
|-
|May 24, 1994<ref name=paimpeached>{{cite news
|author = Hinds, Michael deCourcy
| title = Pennsylvania House Votes To Impeach a State Justice
| publisher = ''New York Times''
| date = 1994-05-25
| url = http://www.nytimes.com/1994/05/25/us/pennsylvania-house-votes-to-impeach-a-state-justice.html
| accessdate = 2010-01-24
| quote = A State Supreme Court justice convicted on drug charges was impeached today by the Pennsylvania House of Representatives. }}</ref>
| nowrap | [[Rolf Larsen]]
|[[Associate Justice]], [[Supreme Court of Pennsylvania|Pennsylvania Supreme Court]]
|Removed on October 4, 1994, and declared ineligible to hold public office in Pennsylvania<ref name="paremoved">{{cite news
| author=Moushey, Bill
| coauthors=Tim Reeves
| title=Larsen Removed Senate Convicts Judge On 1 Charge
| page=A1
| date=2002-07-26
| newspaper=Pittsburgh Post-Gazette
| location = Pittsburgh, PA USA
| accessdate=2010-01-24
| quote = Rolf Larsen yesterday became the first justice of the Pennsylvania Supreme Court to be removed from office through impeachment. The state Senate, after six hours of debate, found Larsen guilty of one of seven articles of impeachment at about 8:25 p.m, then unanimously voted to remove him permanently from office and bar him from ever seeking an elected position again. }}</ref>
|-
|October 6, 1994<ref name="moimpeach">{{cite news
| author= Young, Virginia
| title=Moriarty Is Impeached - Secretary Of State Will Fight Removal
| page=1A
| date=1994-10-07
| newspaper=St. Louis Post-Dispatch
| location = St. Louis, MO USA
| accessdate=2010-01-24
| quote = The House voted overwhelmingly Thursday to impeach Secretary of State Judith K. Moriarty for misconduct that "breached the public trust." The move, the first impeachment in Missouri in 26 years, came at 4:25 p.m. in a hushed House chamber. }}</ref>
| nowrap | [[Judith Moriarty]]
|[[Secretary of State of Missouri]]
|Removed by the [[Missouri Supreme Court]] on December 12, 1994<ref name="moremoved">{{cite news
| author= Young, Virginia
| coauthors=Kim Bell
| title=High Court Ousts Moriarty
| page=1A
| date=1994-12-13
| newspaper=St. Louis Post-Dispatch
| location = St. Louis, MO USA
| accessdate=2010-01-24
| quote = In a unanimous opinion Monday, the Missouri Supreme Court convicted Secretary of State Judith K. Moriarty of misconduct and removed her from office. }}</ref>
|-
|November 11, 2004<ref name=nvimpeached>{{cite web
|author = Vogel, Ed
| title = Augustine impeached
| publisher = ''Review-Journal''
| date = 2004-11-12
| url = http://www.reviewjournal.com/lvrj_home/2004/Nov-12-Fri-2004/news/25242898.html
| accessdate = 2009-07-02
| quote = }}</ref>
| nowrap | [[Kathy Augustine]]
|[[Nevada State Controller]]
| Censured on December 4, 2004, not removed from office<ref name=nvcensured>{{cite web
|author = Whaley, Sean
| title = Senate lets controller keep job
| publisher = ''Review-Journal''
| date = 2004-12-05
| url = http://www.reviewjournal.com/lvrj_home/2004/Dec-05-Sun-2004/news/25411108.html
| accessdate = 2009-07-02
| quote = }}</ref>
|-
|January 8, 2009 {{small|(first vote)}}<ref name=blagoimpeach>{{cite web
|author = Staff reporter
| title = Illinois House impeaches Gov. Rod Blagojevich
| publisher = ''AP''
| date = 2009-01-09
| url = http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/28539642/
| format =
| accessdate = 2009-07-02
| quote = }}</ref>
| rowspan="2" nowrap | [[Rod Blagojevich]]
| rowspan="2"| [[List of Governors of Illinois|Governor of Illinois]]
| 95th General Assembly ended
|-
|January 14, 2009 {{small|(second vote)}}<ref name=blagoimpeachagain>{{cite web
|author = Mckinney, Dave
|coauthors = Jordan Wilson
| title = Illinois House impeaches Gov. Rod Blagojevich
| publisher = ''Chicago Sun-Times''
| date = 2009-01-14
| url = http://www.suntimes.com/news/metro/blagojevich/1377870,house-votes-impeach-blagojevich-011409.article
| format =
| accessdate = 2009-07-02
| quote = }}</ref>
| [[Rod Blagojevich corruption charges|Removed]] on January 29, 2009, and declared ineligible to hold public office in Illinois<ref name=latimes>{{cite news
|author = Long, Ray
|coauthors = Rick Pearson
| title = Blagojevich is removed from office
| publisher = ''Los Angeles Times''
| date = 2009-01-30
| url = http://articles.latimes.com/2009/jan/30/nation/na-blagojevich30
| format =
| accessdate = 2009-06-21
| quote = }}</ref>
|}
==Xem thêm==
| 