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Khác biệt giữa bản sửa đổi của “Giotto (tàu vũ trụ)”

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{{Nhan đề nghiêng}}
{{Infobox spaceflight
| name = ''Giotto''
| names_list = <!--list of previous names if the spacecraft has been renamed.
Include the dates applicable if possible, and separate each name with a linebreak.
Omit if the spacecraft has only ever been known by one name.
Dòng 9:
 
<!--image of the spacecraft/mission-->
| image = [[Hình:Giotto spacecraft.jpg|300px]]
| image_caption = Trang nghệ thuật minh họa ''Giotto'' tiếp cận sao chổi
| image_alt = <!--image alt text-->
| image_size = <!--include px/em; defaults to 220px-->
 
<!--Basic details-->
| mission_type = <!--eg. Technology, Reconnaissance, ISS assembly, etc-->
| operator = [[Cơ quan Vũ trụ châu Âu]]
| Harvard_designation = <!--spacecraft launched 1962 and earlier only (eg. 1957 Alpha 2)-->
| COSPAR_ID = 1985-056A
| SATCAT = 15875
| website = [http://sci.esa.int/giotto/ Official Site at ESA.int]
| mission_duration = <!--How long the mission lasted-->
| distance_travelled = <!--How far the spacecraft travelled (if known)-->
| orbits_completed = <!--number of times the spacecraft orbited the Earth - see below for spacecraft beyond Earth orbit-->
| suborbital_range = <!--downrange distance reached if spacecraft did not enter orbit-->
| suborbital_apogee = <!--altitude reached if spacecraft did not enter orbit-->
 
<!--Spacecraft properties-->
| spacecraft = <!--Spacecraft name/serial number (eg. Space Shuttle ''Discovery'', Apollo CM-118), etc-->
| spacecraft_type = <!--eg. GPS Block II, Kobalt-M, US-K, etc-->
| spacecraft_bus = <!--eg. A2100M, Star-2, etc-->
| manufacturer = <!--company or companies who built the satellite-->
| launch_mass = {{convert|582.7|kg|abbr=on}}
| BOL_mass = <!--spacecraft mass in orbit at beginning of operational life, after LEOP phase-->
| landing_mass = <!--Mass after landing (recovered spacecraft only)-->
| dry_mass = <!--spacecraft mass in orbit without fuel-->
| payload_mass = <!--Mass of cargo carried by spacecraft (eg. for Space Shuttle), or total mass of instrumentation/equipment/experiments for mission-->
| dimensions = <!--body dimensions and solar array span-->
| power = 196&nbsp;W
 
<!--Launch details-->
| launch_date = {{start date|1985|07|02|11|23|00|TZ=Z}}
| launch_rocket = [[Ariane 1]]
| launch_site = [[Trung tâm vũ trụ Guyane]]
| launch_contractor = <!--organisation(s) that conducted the launch (eg. United Launch Alliance, Arianespace, etc)-->
| deployment_from = <!--place where deployed from-->
| deployment_date = <!--date deployed-->
| entered_service = <!--date on which the spacecraft entered service, if it did not do so immediately after launch-->
<!-- * - e.g. Proton-M/Briz-M not Proton-M, but Titan IV(401)A not Titan IV(401)A-Centaur-->
 
<!--end of mission-->
| disposal_type = <!--Whether the spacecraft was deorbited, decommissioned, placed in a graveyard orbit, etc-->
| deactivated = {{end date|1992|07|23}}
| destroyed = <!--when craft was destroyed (if other than by re-entry)-->
| last_contact = <!--when last signal received if not decommissioned-->
| recovery_by = <!--recovered by-->
| recovery_date = <!--recovery date-->
| decay_date = <!--when craft re-entered the atmosphere, not needed if it landed-->
| landing_date = <!--when the spacecraft made a controlled landing, not needed if it did not return intact-->
| landing_site = <!--where the craft landed; site/runway or coordinates-->
<!--
The following template should be used for ONE of the three above fields "end_of_mission", "decay" or "landing" if the spacecraft is no longer operational.
Dòng 68:
<!--orbit parameters-->
<!--as science-related articles, SI units should be the principal units of measurement, however we usually use {{Convert}} to display imperial units in parentheses after the initial values-->
| orbit_reference = [[Quỹ đạo nhật tâm]]<ref name="NSSDCA">{{chú thích web|title=NSSDCA Master Catalog- Giotto - Trajectory Details|url=http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftOrbit.do?id=1985-056A|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|publisher=[[NASA]]|accessdate=ngày 21 tháng 6 năm 2016}}</ref>
| orbit_regime = <!--high, low, medium, molniya, GSO - please link (e.g. [[Quỹ đạo Trái Đất tầm thấp]] - please don't use acronyms-->
| orbit_longitude = <!--geosynchronous satellites only-->
| orbit_slot = <!--Designation of orbital position or slot, if not longitude (e.g plane and position of a GPS satellite)-->
| orbit_semimajor = <!--semimajor axis-->
| orbit_eccentricity = 0.17334
| orbit_periapsis = 0.73 [[Đơn vị thiên văn|AU]]
| orbit_apoapsis = 1.04 AU
| orbit_inclination = 2.09°
| orbit_period = 304.6 days
| orbit_RAAN = <!--right ascension of the ascending node-->
| orbit_arg_periapsis = <!--argument of perigee/periapsis-->
| orbit_mean_anomaly = <!--mean anomaly at epoch, only use in conjunction with an epoch value-->
| orbit_mean_motion = <!--mean motion of the satellite, usually measured in orbits per day-->
| orbit_repeat = <!--repeat interval/revisit time-->
| orbit_velocity = <!--speed at which the spacecraft was travelling at epoch - only use for spacecraft with low orbital eccentricity-->
| orbit_epoch = ngày 10 tháng 7 năm 1992, 15:18:43 UTC
| orbit_rev_number = <!--revolution number-->
| apsis = helion
 
|interplanetary = <!--Infobox spaceflight/IP can be called multiple times for missions with multiple targets or combined orbiter/lander missions, etc--><!--first one is halley flyby-->
{{Infobox spaceflight/IP
|type = flyby
|object = [[Sao chổi Halley]]
|orbits = <!--number of orbits completed at target body (if applicable and known)-->
|component = <!--part of the spacecraft involved, if spacecraft split into multiple components-->
|arrival_date = 14 tháng 3 năm 1986
|departure_date = <!--Date of leaving orbit for orbiters, date of launch for landers which took off again-->
|location = <!--landing/impact site, including EOM impacts for atmospheric probes and lunar/asteroid orbiters-->
|distance = {{convert|596|km|abbr=on}}
|sample_mass = <!--mass of samples returned (sample return missions only)-->
|surface_EVAs = <!--number of EVAs on the surface-->
|surface_EVA_time = <!--time spent on surface EVAs-->
}}
 
<!--next ones earth 1990-->
{{Infobox spaceflight/IP
|type = flyby
|object = [[Trái Đất]]
|orbits = <!--number of orbits completed at target body (if applicable and known)-->
|component = <!--part of the spacecraft involved, if spacecraft split into multiple components-->
|arrival_date = 2 tháng 7 năm 1990
|departure_date = <!--Date of leaving orbit for orbiters, date of launch for landers which took off again-->
|location = <!--landing/impact site, including EOM impacts for atmospheric probes and lunar/asteroid orbiters-->
|distance = {{convert|22730|km|abbr=on}}
|sample_mass = <!--mass of samples returned (sample return missions only)-->
|surface_EVAs = <!--number of EVAs on the surface-->
|surface_EVA_time = <!--time spent on surface EVAs-->
}}
 
<!--last one is Grigg-Skjellerup, there was also an Earth 1999, but this was after decomish-->
{{Infobox spaceflight/IP
|type = flyby
|object = [[26P/Grigg–Skjellerup]]
|orbits = <!--number of orbits completed at target body (if applicable and known)-->
|component = <!--part of the spacecraft involved, if spacecraft split into multiple components-->
|arrival_date = ngày 10 tháng 7 năm 1992
|departure_date = <!--Date of leaving orbit for orbiters, date of launch for landers which took off again-->
|location = <!--landing/impact site, including EOM impacts for atmospheric probes and lunar/asteroid orbiters-->
|distance = {{convert|200|km|abbr=on}}
|sample_mass = <!--mass of samples returned (sample return missions only)-->
|surface_EVAs = <!--number of EVAs on the surface-->
|surface_EVA_time = <!--time spent on surface EVAs-->
}}
 
<!--Telescope parameters-->
| instrument_type = <!--converts telescope fields to suit a camera or other similar instrument-->
| telescope_name = <!--name, if different to the satellite-->
| telescope_type = <!--type of telescope, mirror arrangement, etc-->
| telescope_diameter = <!--diameter of telescope-->
| telescope_focal_length= <!--focal length of telescope-->
| telescope_area = <!--collecting area-->
| telescope_wavelength = <!--wavelengths at which the telescope operates-->
| telescope_resolution = <!--resolution of telescope-->
| instruments = <!--a list of instruments on the satellite-->
 
<!--transponder parameters-->
| trans_band = <!--Transponder frequency bands-->
| trans_frequency = <!--specific frequencies-->
| trans_bandwidth = <!--bandwidth-->
| trans_capacity = <!--capacity of the transponders-->
| trans_coverage = <!--area covered-->
| trans_TWTA = <!--TWTA output power-->
| trans_EIRP = <!--equivalent isotropic power-->
| trans_HPBW = <!--half-power beam width-->
 
| insignia = File:Giotto insignia.png
| insignia_caption = Biểu tượng của ESA cho ''Giotto''
| insignia_alt = Giotto legacy mission insignia
| insignia_size = 180x180px
}}
'''Giotto''' là một phi thuyền vũ trụ châu Âu của [[Cơ quan Vũ trụ châu Âu]]. Phi thuyền này bay qua và nghiên cứu [[sao chổi Halley]], trở thành tàu vũ trụ đầu tiên quan sát một sao chổi. Ngày 13 tháng 3 năm 1986, phi thuyền đã thành công trong việc tiếp cận hạt nhân của Halley ở khoảng cách 596&nbsp;km. Nó được đặt theo tên của họa sĩ thời kỳ Phục hưng Ý [[Giotto di Bondone]]. Ông đã quan sát sao chổi Halley năm 1301 và được truyền cảm hứng để mô tả nó như là ngôi sao của Bethlehem trong bức tranh ''[[Adoration of the Magi]]'' của ông.
Lấy từ “https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giotto_(tàu_vũ_trụ)”