*{{citechú bookthích sách|last=Carboneras|first= Carles |year=1992|chapter= Family Anatidae (Ducks, Geese and Swans)|editors=del Hoyo, Josep; Elliott, Andrew; Sargatal, Jordi|title=[[Handbook of Birds of the World]]. Volume 1: Ostrich to Ducks|pages= 536–629|publisher=Lynx Edicions|location= Barcelona|isbn=84-87334-10-5}}
*{{citechú bookthích sách|last=Terres|first= John K. |author2= [[National Audubon Society]] |year=1991|title=The Audubon Society Encyclopedia of North American Birds|publisher= Wings Books|location= New York|origyear= 1980 |isbn=0-517-03288-0}}
