Khác biệt giữa bản sửa đổi của “Bihar”

Từ cuối thế kỷ 1970, Bihar tụt sau những bang khác về sự phát triển kinh tế và xã hội.<ref>{{chú thích báo | title = Bihar's 'first' Economic Survey Report tabled| url = http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2007-03-07/patna/27879796_1_bihar-capita-income-revenue-account| work=The Times of India| date=7 March 2007| accessdate = 22 August 2008}}</ref><ref>{{chú thích báo | title = Biharis an unwanted lot|author= Bal Thackeray| url = http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/articleshow/msid-2840902,prtpage-1.cms| work=The Times of India| date=5 March 2008| accessdate = 5 March 2008}}</ref><ref>{{chú thích báo| last1=Wajihuddin| first1=Mohammed| date=10 August 2008| title = 'Bihari' has become an abuse | url = http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/Review/Bihari_has_become_an_abuse/articleshow/3347091.cms| work=The Times of India| accessdate = 10 August 2008}}</ref> Nhiều nhà kinh tế và khoa học xã hội cho rằng điều này là kết quả trực tiếp từ các chính sách của chính quyền trung ương, như [[chính sách cân bằng vận chuyển hàng hóa]],<ref>{{chú thích sách | first = Arvind N.| last = Das| title = The Republic of Bihar| place = New Delhi| publisher=Penguin Books| year = 1992| isbn = 0-14-012351-2}}</ref><ref name="saibal">{{chú thích báo | last = Goswami| first = Urmi A| date = 16 February 2005| title = 'Bihar Needs an Icon, a person who stands above his caste' (Dr Shaibal Gupta – Rediff Interview) | url = http://www.rediff.com/election/2005/feb/16inter2.htm| publisher=Rediff| accessdate = 16 February 2005| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20050220065240/http://www.rediff.com/election/2005/feb/16inter2.htm| archivedate= 20 February 2005 <!--DASHBot-->| deadurl= no}}</ref> sự thiếu quan tâm của chính phủ,<ref name="economic_strangulation"/><ref name="CPASGuruswamy20040615">{{Chú thích web |last=Guruswamy |first=Mohan |last2=Baitha |first2=Ramnis Attar |last3=Mohanty |first3=Jeevan Prakash |tiêu đề=Centrally Planned Inequality: The Tale of Two States – Punjab and Bihar |url=http://cpasindia.org/reports/07-Centrally-Planned-Inequality-Punjab-Bihar.pdf |ngày=15 June 2004 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090326210152/http://cpasindia.org/reports/07-Centrally-Planned-Inequality-Punjab-Bihar.pdf |archive-date=26 March 2009 |location=New Delhi, India |nhà xuất bản=Centre for Policy Alternatives |format=PDF |ngày truy cập=17 August 2015}}</ref><ref name="CPASGuruswamy20040215">{{Chú thích web |last=Guruswamy |first=Mohan |last2=Mohanty |first2=Jeevan Prakash |tiêu đề=The De-urbanisation of Bihar |url=http://cpasindia.org/reports/03-De-urbanisation-Bihar.pdf |ngày=15 February 2004 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090326210154/http://cpasindia.org/reports/03-De-urbanisation-Bihar.pdf |archive-date=26 March 2009 |location=New Delhi, India |nhà xuất bản=Centre for Policy Alternatives |format=PDF |ngày truy cập=17 August 2015}}</ref> và sự thiếu vắng "tinh thần Bihar".<ref name="saibal"/><ref>Ahmed Farzand and Mishra Subhash, [http://indiatoday.digitaltoday.in/index.php?option=com_content&issueid=78&task=view&id=19042&sectionid=4&Itemid=1 Leaders of Bihar unite to counter Raj Thackeray] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090107160643/http://indiatoday.digitaltoday.in/index.php?option=com_content&issueid=78&task=view&id=19042&sectionid=4&Itemid=1 |date=7 January 2009 }}, India Today, 31 October 2008 {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090107160643/http://indiatoday.digitaltoday.in/index.php?option=com_content&issueid=78&task=view&id=19042&sectionid=4&Itemid=1 |date=7 January 2009 }}{{dead link|date=October 2015}}</ref><ref>{{Chú thích web| last = Gupta| first = Shaibal| tiêu đề = Bihar: Identity and Development| nhà xuất bản = Asian Development Research Institute, Patna| url = http://www.bihartimes.com/articles/shaibal/biharidentity.html| ngày truy cập = 30 April 2006| archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20050330161928/http://bihartimes.com/articles/shaibal/biharidentity.html| archivedate = 30 March 2005}}</ref> Tuy nhiên, chính phủ bang đã có nhiều cố gắng để đưa bang phát triển.<ref>{{chú thích báo |last=Phadnis |first=Aditi |authorlink=Aditi Phadnis |date=26 July 2008 | title=Lalu in the red |url=http://www.business-standard.com/india/storypage.php?autono=329655 |newspaper=[[Business Standard]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110607173041/http://www.business-standard.com/india/storypage.php?autono=329655 |archive-date=7 June 2011 |accessdate=22 August 2015}}</ref> Những cố gắng này gồm cải thiện cơ sở hạ tầng,<ref name="bihar_basher">{{chú thích báo | last = Goswami| first = Urmi A| date = 17 June 2008| title = Biharis get work at home, bashers realise their worth| work = The Economic Times |location=India| url = http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/News/PoliticsNation/Biharis_get_work_at_home_bashers_realise_their_worth/articleshow/3135697.cms| accessdate = 17 June 2008}}</ref> tạo điều kiện chăm sóc sức khỏe tốt hơn, đặt nặng hơn về giáo dục, cũng như giảm thiểu nạn tham nhũng và ổn định an ninh.<ref>{{chú thích báo |last=Dharma |first=Supriya| last2=Jha |first2=Abhay Mohan |date=15 July 2008 |title=Bihar witnesses a quiet transformation |url=http://www.ndtv.com/convergence/ndtv/story.aspx?id=NEWEN20080057141 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080718045447/http://www.ndtv.com/convergence/ndtv/story.aspx?id=NEWEN20080057141 |archive-date=18 July 2008 |publisher=[[NDTV]] |accessdate=22 August 2015}}</ref><ref>{{chú thích báo|last=Jha |first=Abhay Mohan |title=English makes inroads in Bihar villages |publisher=NDTV |date=8 March 2008 |url=http://www.ndtv.com/convergence/ndtv/story.aspx?id=NEWEN20080043399&ch=3/8/2008%2011:32:00%20AM |accessdate=8 March 2008 |deadurlurl-status=yesdead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080309185254/http://www.ndtv.com/convergence/ndtv/story.aspx?id=NEWEN20080043399 |archivedate=9 March 2008 }}</ref>