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Khác biệt giữa bản sửa đổi của “Urartu”

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Dòng 12:
|era = Iron Age, Prehistoric
|government_type = Monarchy
|year_start = 860  BC
|year_end = 590  BC
|image_map = 13-Urartu-9-6mta.gif
|image_map_caption = Urartu, 9th–6th centuries BC.
Dòng 21:
|flag_s2 = Yervanduni Armenia, IV-II BC.gif
|
|capital = [[Arzashkun]]<br/>[[Tushpa]] (after 832&nbsp; BC)
|common_languages = [[Urartian language|Urartian]]<br/>[[Hurrian language|Hurrian]]<br/>[[Proto-Armenian language|proto-Armenian]]<ref name="Diakonoff 1992 51–54">{{citechú thích journal|last=Diakonoff|first=Igor M|title=First Evidence of the Proto-Armenian Language in Eastern Anatolia|journal=Annual of Armenian Linguistics|year=1992|volume=13|pages=51–54|issn=0271-9800}}</ref>
|religion = [[religions of the Ancient Near East|Polytheism]]
|currency =
Dòng 40:
|today = {{flag|Armenia}}<br />{{flag|Iran}}<br />{{flag|Turkey}}
}}
'''Urartu''' ({{Lang-hy|Ուրարտու}} - ''Urartu'', Assyrian: ''{{Lang|akk|māt Urarṭu}}'';<ref>Eberhard Schrader, ''The Cuneiform inscriptions and the Old Testament'' (1885), p. 65.</ref> [[Tiếng Akkad|Babylonian]]: ''Urashtu''), theo cuốn '''Kingdom of Ararat''' ({{Lang-hy|Արարատյան Թագավորություն}}) hoặc '''Kingdom of Van''' ({{Lang-hy|Վանի Թագավորություն}}, Urartian: ''{{Lang|xur|Biai, Biainili}}''<ref name="Hewsen-2000"><citechú thích class="citation" id="CITEREFHewsen2000chú thíchREFHewsen2000">Hewsen, Robert H. (2000), "'Van in This World; Paradise in the Next': The Historical Geography of Van/Vaspurakan", in Hovannisian, Richard G., ''&nbsp; Armenian Van/Vaspurakan&nbsp; '', Historic Armenian Cities and Provinces&nbsp; , Costa Mesa, California: Mazda Publishers&nbsp; , p.&nbsp; p. 13, [[Online Computer Library Center|OCLC]]&nbsp; [//www.worldcat.org/oclc/44774992 44774992]</citechú thích><citechú thích class="citation" id="CITEREFHewsen2000chú thíchREFHewsen2000"></citechú thích><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUrartu&rft.atitle=%27Van+in+This+World%3B+Paradise+in+the+Next%27%3A+The+Historical+Geography+of+Van%2FVaspurakan&rft.aufirst=Robert+H.&rft.aulast=Hewsen&rft.btitle=+Armenian+Van%2FVaspurakan+&rft.date=2000&rft.genre=bookitem&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F44774992&rft.pages=p.+13&rft.place=Costa+Mesa%2C+California&rft.pub=Mazda+Publishers+&rft.series=Historic+Armenian+Cities+and+Provinces+&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook">&nbsp; </span> CS1 maint: Extra text ([[:Thể loại:Bảo trì CS1: Văn bản dư|link]])<span> </span></ref>) là một vương quốc [[thời đại đồ sắt]] tập trung quanh [[hồ Van]] ở [[sơn nguyên Armenia]].
 
== Tham khảo ==
Dòng 51:
* Boris B. Piotrovsky, ''The Ancient Civilization of Urartu'' (translated from Russian by James Hogarth), New York:Cowles Book Company, 1969.
* M. Salvini, ''Geschichte und Kultur der Urartäer'', Darmstadt 1995.
* R. B. Wartke, ''Urartu&nbsp; — Das Reich am Ararat'' In: Kulturgeschichte der Antiken Welt, Bd. 59, Mainz 1993.
* P. E. Zimansky, ''Ecology and Empire: The Structure of the Urartian State'', [Studies in Ancient Oriental Civilization], Chicago: Oriental Institute, 1985.
* P. E. Zimansky, ''Ancient Ararat. A Handbook of Urartian Studies'', New York 1998.
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