Khác biệt giữa bản sửa đổi của “Kazimierz Łyszczyński”
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=== Giáo dục và công việc ===
[[Tập tin:POL_COA_Lyszczynski.svg|nhỏ|242x242px| Huy hiệu của Kazimierz Łyszczyński]]
Kazimierz Łyszczyński sinh ra ở Łyszczyce, ngày nay là Quận Brest, Vùng Brest, [[Belarus|Bêlarut]]. Ông là một nhà quý tộc, địa chủ,<ref name="Skorobohaty">{{Harvard citation|Skorobohaty|1840}} Cazimir Lyszczynski, a noble and landowner of Lithuania, a man of a very respectable character, was perusing a book entitled Theologia Naturalis, by Henry Aldsted, a Protestant divine, and finding that the arguments which the author employed in order to prove the existence of divinity, were so confused that it was possible to deduce from them quite contrary consequences, he added on the margin the following words – "ergo non-est Deus," evidently ridiculing the arguments of the author. This circumstance was found out by Brzoska, nuncio of Brest in Lithuania, a debtor of Lyszczynski, who denouned him as an atheist, delivering, as evidence of his accusation, a copy of the work with the above-mentioned annotation to Witwicki, bishop of Posnania, who took up this affair with the greatest violence. He was zealously seconded by Zaluski, bishop of Kiod, a prelate known for his great learning and not devoid of merit in other respects, which however proved no check to religious fanaticism. The king, who was very far from countenancing such enormities, attempted to save the unfortunate Lyszczynski, by ordering that he should be judged at Wilno; but nothing could shelter the unfortunate man against the fanatical rage of the clergy represented by the two bishops; and the first privilege of a Polish noble, that he could not be imprisoned before his condemnation, and which had theretofore been sacredly observed even with the greatest criminals, was violated. On the simple accusation of his debtor, supported by the bishops, the affair was brought before the diet of 1689, before which the clergy, and particularly the bishop Zaluski, accused Lyszczynski of having denied the existence of God, and uttered blasphemies against the blessed Virgin and the saints. The unfortunate victim, terrified by his perilous situation, acknowledged all that was imputed to him, made a full recantation of all he might have said and written against the doctrine of the Roman Catholic church, and declared his entire submission to its authority. This was, however, of no avail to him, and his accusers were even scandalized that the diet permitted him to make a defence, and granted the term of three days for collecting evidence of his innocence, as the accusation of the clergy ought, in their judgment, to be sufficient evidence on which to condemn the culprit. The fanaticism of the diet was excited in a most scandalous manner by the blasphemous representation that divinity should be propitiated by the blood of its offenders. The diet decreed that Lyszczynski should have his tongue pulled out, and then be beheaded and burnt. This atrocious sentence was executed, and the bishop Zaluski himself gives a relation of what he considered an act of piety and justice! The king was horror-struck at this news and exclaimed that the Inquisition could not do any thing worse. It is necessary, on this occasion, to render justice to Pope Innocent XI., who, instead of conferring a cardinal's hat on the bishop of Posnania, bitterly censured this disgraceful affair.</ref> [[Nhà triết học|triết gia]], và người lính phục vụ gia đình Sapieha. Trong 8 năm, ông học triết học với tư cách là một [[Dòng Tên|tu sĩ Dòng Tên]], nhưng đã rời bỏ vị trí.<ref name="Mechtenberg">{{Chú thích web|url=http://www.laender-analysen.de/polen/pdf/PolenAnalysen157.pdf|tựa đề=Atheistische Bewegung im katholischen Polen|tác giả=Theo Mechtenberg|ngày=ngày 3
Łyszczyński đọc một cuốn sách của [[Henry Aldsted]] có tựa đề ''[[Thần học tự nhiên|Theologia Naturalis]]'', cố gắng chứng minh sự tồn tại của thần thánh. Nhưng lập luận của nó rất phi lôgic đến nỗi Łyszczyński tìm thấy vô vàn điểm mâu thuẫn. Để chế giễu Aldsted, Łyszczyński đã viết trong lề của cuốn sách những từ "''ergo non-est Deus''" ("do đó, Thiên Chúa không tồn tại").<ref name="Skorobohaty">{{Harvard citation|Skorobohaty|1840}} Cazimir Lyszczynski, a noble and landowner of Lithuania, a man of a very respectable character, was perusing a book entitled Theologia Naturalis, by Henry Aldsted, a Protestant divine, and finding that the arguments which the author employed in order to prove the existence of divinity, were so confused that it was possible to deduce from them quite contrary consequences, he added on the margin the following words – "ergo non-est Deus," evidently ridiculing the arguments of the author. This circumstance was found out by Brzoska, nuncio of Brest in Lithuania, a debtor of Lyszczynski, who denouned him as an atheist, delivering, as evidence of his accusation, a copy of the work with the above-mentioned annotation to Witwicki, bishop of Posnania, who took up this affair with the greatest violence. He was zealously seconded by Zaluski, bishop of Kiod, a prelate known for his great learning and not devoid of merit in other respects, which however proved no check to religious fanaticism. The king, who was very far from countenancing such enormities, attempted to save the unfortunate Lyszczynski, by ordering that he should be judged at Wilno; but nothing could shelter the unfortunate man against the fanatical rage of the clergy represented by the two bishops; and the first privilege of a Polish noble, that he could not be imprisoned before his condemnation, and which had theretofore been sacredly observed even with the greatest criminals, was violated. On the simple accusation of his debtor, supported by the bishops, the affair was brought before the diet of 1689, before which the clergy, and particularly the bishop Zaluski, accused Lyszczynski of having denied the existence of God, and uttered blasphemies against the blessed Virgin and the saints. The unfortunate victim, terrified by his perilous situation, acknowledged all that was imputed to him, made a full recantation of all he might have said and written against the doctrine of the Roman Catholic church, and declared his entire submission to its authority. This was, however, of no avail to him, and his accusers were even scandalized that the diet permitted him to make a defence, and granted the term of three days for collecting evidence of his innocence, as the accusation of the clergy ought, in their judgment, to be sufficient evidence on which to condemn the culprit. The fanaticism of the diet was excited in a most scandalous manner by the blasphemous representation that divinity should be propitiated by the blood of its offenders. The diet decreed that Lyszczynski should have his tongue pulled out, and then be beheaded and burnt. This atrocious sentence was executed, and the bishop Zaluski himself gives a relation of what he considered an act of piety and justice! The king was horror-struck at this news and exclaimed that the Inquisition could not do any thing worse. It is necessary, on this occasion, to render justice to Pope Innocent XI., who, instead of conferring a cardinal's hat on the bishop of Posnania, bitterly censured this disgraceful affair.</ref>
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Bất kể liệu Łyszczyński có thực sự là một người vô thần hay không, tại [[Cộng hòa Nhân dân Ba Lan|Ba Lan thời Cộng sản]], ông được tôn vinh như một vị tử vì đạo cho sự nghiệp đấu tranh cho chủ nghĩa vô thần. Trong một loạt các bài báo, nhà triết học [[Andrzej Nowicki (nhà triết học)|Andrzej Nowicki]] đã trình bày một quan điểm lãng mạn hóa về Łyszczyński, nói rằng "với bề rộng của chân trời trí tuệ, sự thấu hiểu về triết học và sự táo bạo của tư tưởng, không nghi ngờ gì nữa, ông [Łyszczyński] người Ba Lan nổi tiếng nhất mọi thời đại. " <ref name="MPS">{{Harvard citation|Pomian-Srzednicki|1982}}</ref>
Tháng 3 năm 2014, nhân cách và lý tưởng của ông là chủ đề chính tại một buổi biểu diễn công khai trong Cuộc rước kiệu Người Vô thần năm 2014 ở Ba Lan,<ref>{{Chú thích báo|url=http://warszawa.naszemiasto.pl/artykul/marsz-ateistow-w-warszawie-inscenizacja-egzekucji-na-rynku,2216224,artgal,t,id,tm.html|title=Marsz Ateistów w Warszawie. Inscenizacja egzekucji na rynku}}</ref><ref>{{Chú thích web|url=http://aft.atheisme.ca/blog-47/|tựa đề=Koalicja Ateistyczna: An Encounter with Polish Atheists}}</ref> tái hiện lại vụ hành quyết năm xưa.<ref name="Mechtenberg">{{Chú thích web|url=http://www.laender-analysen.de/polen/pdf/PolenAnalysen157.pdf|tựa đề=Atheistische Bewegung im katholischen Polen|tác giả=Theo Mechtenberg|ngày=ngày 3
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